The title compound, C(12)H(14)O(3), is a natural product derived from the medium-sized hawthorn Crataegus persimilis ('prunifolia'). The mean plane of the butene moiety is twisted by 13.27 (7)° with respect to the that of the dioxobenzaldehyde moiety. There is an intra-molecular hydrogen bond between the hydroxyl group and the carbonyl O atom.

Keywords: assortative mating Drosophila persimilis Drosophila pseudoobscura fruit fly learning Recent research indicating learning in the context of sexual behaviour in fruit flies suggests that learning could increase levels of assortative mating between partially diverged populations. We present a graphic model examining the role of learning and a series of experiments evaluating assumptions ...

With the advent of transcriptome data, it has become clear that mRNA-like noncoding RNAs (mlncRNAs) are widespread in eukaryotes. Although their functions are poorly understood, these transcripts may play an important role in development and could thus be involved in determining developmental complexity and phenotypic diversification. However, few studies have assessed their potential roles in ...

Recently a number of electrophoretic techniques have been applied to reveal the presence of additional genetic variation among the electrophoretic mobility classes of the highly polymorphic xanthine dehydrogenase (XDH ) and esterase-5 (est-5) loci. We examined the hexokinase loci of Drosophila pseudoobscura and D. persimilis using a variety of techniques to determine whether further allelic var...

Canopy structure has an important role to play in determining the searching patterns of predators of insect pests in crops. The connections between plants within the canopy are crucial in determining the ability of predators to move around the canopy. Virtual plant models provide an ideal method for providing a realistic background for modelling the movement of insects in plant canopies. Experi...

This study reports the presence and injuries caused by Tetranychus ludeni Zacher, 1913 (Acari: Tetranychidae) on apple tree seedlings (Malus domestica Borkh: Rosaceae) in nurseries southern Brazil. The ability of predatory mite Phytoseiulus macropilis (Banks, 1904) Phytoseiidae) to control T. infestations this environment was also evaluated. infestation observed during routine monitoring at Aca...