Elicitins are small, secreted proteins produced by species of the plant-pathogenic oomycete Phytophthora. They induce hypersensitive cell death in most Nicotiana species and in some cultivars of Brassica rapa and Raphanus sativus. In this study, two true-breeding Fast Cycling B. rapa lines were established that showed severe necrosis (line 7-R) or no visible response (line 18-NR) after treatmen...

Due to the excessive use of antifungal agents, drug resistance and ecological problems are increasing. Some agents difficult degrade have high toxicity several side effects. In this study, 15 novel tetrahydrogeranyl quaternary ammonium salts (8a–8o) were synthesized from natural compound citral. The structures characterized by Fourier transform infrared, proton nuclear magnetic resonance, carbo...

Rates of H(2)O(2) production by tobacco suspension cells inoculated with zoospores from compatible or incompatible races of the pathogen Phytophthora nicotianae were followed by direct measurement of oxygen evolution from culture supernatants following catalase addition. Rates of HO(2)(*)/O(2)(-) production were compared by following the formation of the formazan of sodium, 3'-[1-[phenylamino-c...

Thailand is the leading producer and exporter of durians worldwide. Serious diseases in include root rot, stem fruit which are caused by Phytophthora palmivora, P. nicotianae, Pythium cucurbitacearum, respectively. Thai farmers have applied fungicides for more than 20 years to control but it remains difficult control. Thus, monitoring fungicide-resistance development pathogens important disease...