Dear Editor, The enteral mode of nutrition delivery in the critically ill confers gastrointestinal, immunologic and survival advantages over parenteral nutrition (PN), especially when initiated early. Intensive care unit (ICU) patients with traumatic brain injury (TBI) exhibit hypercatabolism, needing higher energy requirements. The focus of TBI management is cardiorespiratory resuscitation (CP...

Conclusion changes in the cardiovascular, hematologic, renal, and immunologic systems, and anatomic changes in the uterus and the growing fetus and placenta. There are also anatomic and physiologic changes in the lower genitourinary tract and pelvic floor support. The subsequent process of both labor and delivery also impart significant changes, especially to the pelvic floor support. To whom a...

This meta-analysis on music research with premature infants in neonatal intensive care units (NICU) showed an overall large, significant, consistent effect size of almost a standard deviation (d =.83) (Cohen, 1998). Effects were not mediated by infants' gestational age at the time of study, birthweight, or type of music delivery nor by physiologic, behavioral, or developmental measures of benef...

Hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT) is emerging in veterinary medicine as an effective treatment or adjunct therapy for a variety of disorders in which improving oxygen delivery to tissues is a priority. The primary mechanisms of action of HBOT are (1) immediate hyperoxygenation of plasma and tissues and (2) decreased gas bubble (air embolus) size. With each hyperbaric 'dive,' secondary physiologi...

The Surviving Sepsis Campaign targets central venous pressure, mean arterial pressure, and central venous oxygen saturation as guides for resuscitation. Fluid resuscitation and the use of vasopressors are paramount to the success of the campaign's end points. Although the achievement of supranormal physiologic parameters has been associated with higher mortality in some studies, these slightly ...

CRLX101 (formerly IT-101) is a novel cyclodextrin-based polymer that selfassembles into nanoparticles. CRLX101 was designed to deliver sustained levels of the cytotoxic agent camptothecin (CPT) to tumour cells while minimizing delivery to normal tissue. Covalent conjugation of hydrophobic CPT to the cyclodextrin polymer increases its water solubility by three orders of magnitude and prevents in...

BACKGROUND Having considered the physiologic challenges during pregnancy, scientists have searched for different delivery methods with minimal medical intervention. The use of water immersion by women for relaxing during labor is being used worldwide. We aimed to evaluate the controversies surrounding water birth and to find out the interest of Iranian women in this delivery method. METHODS I...

Contemporary Artificial Pancreas (AP) consists of a subcutaneous (SC) glucose sensor, SC insulin pump and control algorithm. Even the most advanced systems are far from optimal, in particular due to non-physiologic nature route. While delivery is convenient minimally invasive, it introduces delays action that make tight difficult, particularly during meals. In addition frequent patient interven...