In cardiac dyspnea the carbon dioxide tension of the alveolar air as determined by the Haldane method is lower than normal in comparison with the plasma bicarbonate as measured by means of the Van Slyke pipette (1, 2). The ratio between these two in health and in most pathological conditions has been shown by Van Slyke, Stillman, and Cullen (3), Walker and Frothingham (4), and Peters (1, 5) to ...

Inflammation can be induced by chronic infection, inflammatory diseases and physicochemical factors. Chronic inflammation is estimated to contribute to approximately 25% of human cancers. Under inflammatory conditions, inflammatory and epithelial cells release reactive oxygen (ROS) and nitrogen species (RNS), which are capable of causing DNA damage, including the formation of 8-oxo-7,8-dihydro-...

Cellular internalization and trans-barrier transport of nanoparticles can be manipulated on the basis of the physicochemical and mechanical characteristics of nanoparticles. Research has shown that these factors significantly influence the uptake of nanoparticles. Dictating these characteristics allows for the control of the rate and extent of cellular uptake, as well as delivering the drug-loa...

   Urmia Lake is one of the two large hypersaline lakes in the world which have Artemia. It is located in northwest of Iran. Due to a decrease in water inflow and volume, the salinity of Urmia Lake has reached to more than 300 g.l-1 since 2001. The increased salinity has greatly influenced biological aspects of the lake, and caused the lake undergoes at critical conduction. The aim of the prese...

In the past, 2 kinds of Markov models have been considered to describe protein sequence evolution. Codon-level models have been mechanistic with a small number of parameters designed to take into account features, such as transition-transversion bias, codon frequency bias, and synonymous-nonsynonymous amino acid substitution bias. Amino acid models have been empirical, attempting to summarize t...

Menthosomes, novel deformable carriers for the enhancement of transdermal delivery are introduced in this study. Meloxicam (MX)-loaded menthosomes were formulated, and their physicochemical characteristics and skin permeability were evaluated. A two-factor spherical and second-order composite experimental design was used to prepare the formulation of the menthosomes. Ten formulations of menthos...

the present study aims to have a comparative study of the results, from biological monitoring as well as conventional method, based on physico-chemical variables. water quality index (wqi) and planktonic diatom metrics have been used to determine water quality and ecological conditions of the dong nai river (dnr) and canonical correspondence analysis (cca) to find out the main environmental var...