introduction: adenotonsillar hypertrophy (ath) may present with growth retardation. insulin-like growth factor 1 (igf-1) mediates the anabolic effects of growth hormone (gh) on tissues. most of the circulating igf-1 molecules are bound to insulin-like growth factor-binding protein 3 (igfbp-3). igf-1 and igfbp-3 serum levels reflect the levels of daily mean serum gh and are used as indices for e...

preeclampsia is an important pregnancy disorder with serious maternal and fetal complications which its etiology has not been completely understood yet. early diagnosis and management of disease could reduce its potential side effects. the vascular endothelial growth factor (vegf) family including vegf-a is the most potent endothelial growth factor which induces angiogenesis and endothelial cel...

Over a 40-year period, 1940 through the present, human growth research has increased for a minimal to a major part of physical anthropology. Such research, originally conducted at the major American growth centers, has become more diverse and more specialized, extending to National Probability Samplings, nutritional surveys, studies of twins, investigations restricted to the craniofacial comple...

SOCS2 inactivation, which leads to growth hormone hypersensitivity and overgrowth, is selected as the mechanism of the year in this chapter. The second paper shows that PPAR plays a role in the growth of male mice. Under new paradigms, we learn that the disruption of a paternally expressed gene from the Gnas locus, XL s, is associated with poor postnatal growth, and we also discover a new molec...

This collection of articles aims to provide a wide spectrum of studies on the subject of growth and growth factors, particularly focusing on those with direct or potential clinical implications. Of course, given the limited number of papers to be selected, the choice of articles has been fully arbitrary and, inevitably, other equally valuable studies have been neglected. Among experimental stud...

the aim of this project is to fabricated an aluminium-copper bimetal through the fusion method and examine its performance. an aluminium-copper-aluminium bimetal was built by the laser cladding method. the laser power as well as the annealing time effects on its interfacial properties of the bonding’s formed through the laser cladding were investigated. to fabricate the multilayer bimetal, the ...