Ab initio atomic and electronic structures of neutral (V 0 2 ) and charged (V + 2 , V 2 , V 2 2 ) Si divacancies are investigated using bulk-terminated clusters with up to 320 Si atoms. For the rst time, the relaxed structures for V + 2 , V 0 2 , and V 2 are found to exhibit large pairing Jahn-Teller distortions consistent with electron paramagnetic resonance experiments. Atomic relaxations, Ja...

There are 1.3 billion people living without electricity, a large portion of which is in the bottom of the economic pyramid. Rural electrification via photovoltaic systems is one possible solution to alleviate their poverty. The aim of this article is to qualitatively investigate the potential for the transition towards off-grid photovoltaic systems. Two interrelated aspects are specifically inv...

A novel theory of acoustics in solar energy supporting the principle of source and sink of solar energy is presented. The significance of the theory is in ascertaining the aftermaths of turning off solar energy. An amplifier constituting of a parallel plate photovoltaic device connected to a potentiometer is illustrated. It was constructed with a pair of glass coated photovoltaic modules and po...

Bismuth ferrite (BiFeO3) thin films were prepared by a spin-coating method. Crystal structure and optical properties of the BiFeO3 films were evaluated using X-ray diffraction. The lattice constants, crystallite size, and energy gap of BiFeO3 films depended on the concentration of the BiFeO3 precursor solution. BiFeO3/CH3NH3PbI3 photovoltaic devices were fabricated to investigate photovoltaic p...

The formation of self-confined beams using pyroelectric effect is numerically and experimentally studied in photorefractive LiNbO3. For a given crystal temperature change, the trapped beam width is shown to be less efficient as intensity is increased. Numerical calculations reveal that the induced refractive-index profile varies along propagation for large intensities due to a nonlinear photovo...

With the increasing installed capacity of desalination, the greenhouse gas emission for generating the required energy to power the desalination plants is also becoming the focus of attention in the world community. Domestic reverse osmosis membranes have been very successful technology especially in the developing world to provide safe drinking water. The novel concept of photovoltaic powered ...

One of the parameters affecting efficiency photovoltaic (PV) modules and PV systems is temperature. The factors that increase temperature in cause loss efficiency. In this study, experiments have been conducted with aim re ducing module For purpose, four polycrystalline monocrystalline modules, all same features, were used. A pair used as reference modules. study to reduce operating while also ...

An electro-optic silicon modulator with negative electrical power dissipation is proposed. The device performs optical modulation through electrical control of losses caused by two photon absorption. It further exploits the nonlinear photovoltaic effect to recover the optical power that is normally dissipated when the modulator is in the on state.

The objective of this review is to give an overview of the synthetic methods to prepare different indolo[3,2-b]carbazoles and similar systems with a potential use in electro-optical devices such as OLEDs (organic light emitting diode), OPVs (organic photovoltaic) and OFETs (organic field effect transistor). Some further modifications to the core units and their implications for specific applica...