This report presents two approaches for driving two-photon transitions between hyperfine states in the Rb ground state. These hyperfine states are intended for use as qubit states in quantum information processing with neutral atoms. The first approach uses microwave and radio frequency fields, and experiments on microwave singleand two-photon transitions showing the magnetically dependent Zeem...

We present new measurements conducted on a single-photon imager implemented in CMOS technology. The sensor was designed to sustain massive doses of Gamma irradiation, X-rays, and proton bombardment. The chip was also designed to operate continuously in large magnetic fields without measurable noise and distortion. The imager consists of an array of 32x32 photon counting pixels with a pitch of 3...

Introduction: Nowadays,  considerable developments  in  the field  of  radiotherapy have  been  achieved.  They  include  the  advances  made  in  the  equipments  and  treatment  planning  techniques  which  require  highly complex calculations. Such achievements have made it possible to treat cancer patients not only  with  higher  radiation  dose  but  also  with  higher  precision  and  con...

A 1024 8 time-gated, single-photon avalanche diode line sensor is presented for time-resolved laser Raman spectroscopy and laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy. Two different chip geometries were implemented and characterized. A type-I sensor has a maximum photon detection efficiency of 0.3% and median dark count rate of 80 Hz at 3 V of excess bias. A type-II sensor offers a maximum photon dete...

We introduce Photon-HDF5, an open and efficient file format to simplify exchange and long term accessibility of data from single-molecule fluorescence experiments based on photon-counting detectors such as single-photon avalanche diode (SPAD), photomultiplier tube (PMT) or arrays of such detectors. The format is based on HDF5, a widely used platformand language-independent hierarchical file for...

Dosimetric comparisons of radiation fields produced by Varian's newest linear accelerator, the TrueBeam, with those produced by older Varian accelerators are of interest from both practical and research standpoints. While photon fields have been compared in the literature, similar comparisons of electron fields have not yet been reported. In this work, electron fields produced by the TrueBeam a...

the performance of nanoscale field effect diodes as a function of the spacer length between two gates is investigated. our numerical results show that the ion/ioff ratio which is a significant parameter in digital application can be varied from 101 to 104 for s-fed as the spacer length between two gates increases whereas this ratio is approximately constant for m-fed. the high-frequency perform...

High energy photon colliders (γγ, γe) based on backward Compton scattering of laser light is a very natural addition to ee linear colliders. In this report we consider mainly this option for the TESLA project. Recent study has shown that the horizontal emittance in the TESLA damping ring can be further decreased by a factor of four. In this case the γγ luminosity luminosity in the high energy p...

We constructed a photoactivatable Drosophila histone 2 A variant green fluorescent fusion protein (H2AvD-paGFP) for tracking chromatin loci in living Drosophila embryos. Activation of paGFP was achieved by irradiation from a single-photon diode laser at 408 nm, but activated nuclei failed to divide. Photoconversion could also be achieved by two-photon fs pulses in the range of 780-840 nm. Viabi...

A single photon avalanche diode (SPAD) with an InGaAs absorption region, and an InAlAs avalanche region was designed and demonstrated to detect 1550 nm wavelength photons. The characterization included leakage current, dark count rate and single photon detection efficiency as functions of temperature from 210 to 294 K. The SPAD exhibited good temperature stability, with breakdown voltage depend...