BACKGROUND Prudent use of antibiotics is important to prevent antibiotic resistance in humans and in animals. For this reason politicians demanded a decrease of total antibiotic use and of use of critically important antibiotics in animal husbandry in the Netherlands. In the dairy sector the use of antibiotics almost halved in the years 2009-2015, with a decrease of the use of critically import...

The concept of mindset, developed by P. Gollwitzer, distinguishes motivational and volitional elements in the action process. The mindset is a relatively constant tendency displayed by individuals and observed in many situations, and activated when an individual becomes involved in a given action. The main aim of our study was to discover differences in cortical activity in the predecisional an...

► Four studies investigate how gradual escalations affect the judgments of guilt made by observers. ► Making commitments to escalating behaviors led observers to later rate actors as less guilty. ► Inducing a categorical mindset counteracted the effect of commitment on perceptions of guilt. ► Continuous commitments explain why gradual escalations reduce the severity of moral judgments. a b s t ...

The present study assessed the impact of a one-time computerized mindset intervention on teaching students’ cognitive stress appraisal before an upcoming exam. Previous research highlights long-term effectiveness growth-mindset interventions. Based theoretical assumptions derived from transactional theory as well recent empirical evidence intelligence and stress, we proposed that changing would...

The vast majority of work in construal level theory has found a robust relationship between construal level and temporal judgments for future events: Distance is associated with the abstract, and nearness is associated with the concrete. Our work looks at the past and proposes a critical moderator that reverses this relationship: knowledge. Through experiments involving real news events, we dem...

INTRODUCTION Epilepsy is a neurological disorder involving recurrent seizures. It affects approximately 5 million people in the U.S. To optimize their quality of life people with epilepsy are encouraged to engage in self-management (S-M) behaviors. These include managing their treatment (e.g., adhering to anti-seizure medication and clinical visit schedules), managing their seizures (e.g., resp...