Inhaled corticosteroids (ICSs) treatment combined with long-acting β2-adrenoceptor agonists (LABAs) reduces the risk of exacerbations in COPD, but the use of ICSs is associated with increased incidence of pneumonia. There are indications that this association is stronger for fluticasone propionate than for budesonide. We have examined systematic reviews assessing the risk of pneumonia associate...

BACKGROUND Foods with a low glycemic index are increasingly being acknowledged as beneficial for individuals with disorders related to the insulin resistance syndrome. The presence of certain salts of organic acids has been shown to lower the glycemic index of bread products and one of the suggested mechanisms is a lowered gastric emptying rate (GER). One obvious pitfall with many of the common...

Methyl propionate, also known as methyl propanoate, is a clear colourless liquid with a characteristic odour (fruity smell and taste). In this study, the formation of methyl propionate through the esterification of propionic acid and methanol was investigated in the reactive distillation system using a conventional (CBD), single feed (SF-SBD), and double feed semi-batch distillation (DF-SBD) co...

The contents of GABA, glutamine (Glu) and asparagine (Asp) acids as well as activities of glutamatdecarboxylase (GDK; CF 4.1.1.15) and 4-aminobutirat: 2-oxoglutarataminotransferase (GABA-T: CF 2.6.1.19) in brain cortex, cerebellum, brainstem and hypothalamus under impact of testosterone propionate at a dose of 5 mg/100 g of alive weight of adult albino male rats in spring and autumn were studie...

The effect of several fatty acid derivatives on methane and propionate in the rumen is described. A possible explanation for the observed inverse relationship between methane and propionate is given.

THE action of hormonic substances on the smaller experimental animals is usually assessed by killing the animal and examining its organs shortly after treatment. The present paper deals with a study of the effects of testosterone propionate injections on the subsequent life of the female rat. An earlier paper (Groome, 1939, which see for references) describes the immediate anatomical effects of...

In order to investigate the propionate-degrading community of agricultural biogas plants, four propionate-degrading consortia (Ap1a, N12, G12, and Wp2a) were established from different biogas plants which were fed with renewable resources. The consortia were cultivated in a batch for a period of 2-4 years and then analyzed in an 8-week batch experiment for microbial succession during propionate...

Anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) is a recently discovered microbial pathway and a cost-effective way to remove ammonium from wastewater. Anammox bacteria have been described as obligate chemolithoautotrophs. However, many chemolithoautotrophs (i.e., nitrifiers) can use organic compounds as a supplementary carbon source. In this study, the effect of organic compounds on anammox bacteria wa...

Fluticasone propionate reduces the frequency and severity of the episodes of exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Streptococcus pneumoniae and Haemophilus influenzae are frequently isolated in these episodes. Both express phosphorylcholine, an epitope that mediates their interaction with airway epithelial cells via the platelet-activating factor receptor (PAFR). The pre...

This study was carried out to investigate the effects of intraruminal infusion of propionate on ruminal fermentation characteristics and blood hormones and metabolites in Hanwoo (Korean cattle) steers. Four Hanwoo steers (average body wt. 270 kg, 13 month of age) equipped with rumen cannula were infused into rumens with 0.0 M (Water, C), 0.5 M (37 g/L, T1), 1.0 M (74 g/L, T2) and 1.5 M (111 g/L...