The nematophagous and entomogenous fungi are natural enemies of nematodes and insects and have been utilized by humans to control agricultural and forestry pests. Some of these fungi have been or are being developed as biological control agents in China and worldwide. Several important nematophagous and entomogenous fungi, including nematode-trapping fungi (Arthrobotrys oligospora and Drechsler...

Polysaccharides from many sources, catching more and more attention because of their multiple pharmacological activities [1-4], can be extracted by hot water, alkali, and enzyme and so on. In traditional viewpoint, polysaccharides are soluble in water for their hydroxyl and the solubility is the base of its bioactivities while insoluble polysaccharides have low or no bioactivities. The predomin...

The Military Macaw (Ara militaris) is an endangered species with scarce available information on its natural history. One of the main problems regarding study has been identification individuals, which rapidly reach adult size and lack sexual dimorphism. Traditional marking techniques used to identify individuals require their capture; however, there a high risk injury. Also, can influence beha...