372 sera of cervids from the Czech Republic were examined for antibodies to the bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) and border disease virus (BDV) by competitive-inhibition enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and for the presence of the BVDV by AgELISA. Antibodies to BVDV/BDV were found in 0.6% (two positive/305 tested) red deer (Cervus elaphus). BVDV/BDV antibodies were not found in four...

Bovine viral diarrhoea virus (BVDV) is an endemic pathogen worldwide and eradication strategies focus on the identification and removal of persistently infected (PI) animals arising after in utero infection. Despite this, acute infections with BVDV can persist for months or years after the removal of the PI source despite repeated screening for PIs and tight biosecurity measures. Recent evidenc...

As an initial approach to define the requirements for the replication of bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV), a member of the Flaviviridae family with a positive-strand RNA genome, full-length genomic and subgenomic RNAs were originated by in vitro transcription of diverse BVDV cDNA constructs and transfected into eucaryotic host cells. RNA replication was measured either directly by an RNase pr...

GB virus B (GBV-B) is a recently discovered hepatotropic flavivirus that is distantly related to hepatitis C virus (HCV). We show here that translation of its polyprotein is initiated by internal entry of ribosomes on GBV-B RNA. We analyzed the translational activity of dicistronic RNA transcripts containing wild-type or mutated 5' nontranslated GBV-B RNA (5'NTR) segments, placed between the co...

CD46, or membrane cofactor protein, is a type-one transmembrane protein from the complement regulatory family. Alongside its role in activation, CD46 involved many other processes, T-cell activation to reproduction. It also referred as pathogen magnet, because it used receptor by multiple bacteria and viruses. Bovine (bovCD46) particular bovine viral diarrhoea virus entry, an economically impor...

Pestivirus nonstructural protein 3 (NS3) is a multifunctional with protease and helicase activities that are essential for virus replication. In this study, we used combination of biochemical genetic approaches to investigate the relationship between positively charged patch on module NS3 function. The surface composed four basic residues, R50, K74 K94 in domain H24 structurally integrated cofa...

Wild boar are an important reservoir of Classical swine fever virus (CSFV) in several European countries, where most of the primary outbreaks in domestic pigs are directly related to the endemic disease situation in the wild boar population. Oral immunisation has been introduced as an additional control measure to accelerate CSF eradication in wild boar in Germany since 1993. Immunisation with ...

The viruses of the family Flaviviridae possess a positive-strand RNA genome and express a single polyprotein which is processed into functional proteins. Initially, the nonstructural (NS) proteins, which are not part of the virions, form complexes capable of genome replication. Later on, the NS proteins also play a critical role in virion formation. The molecular basis to understand how the sam...