Objectives: Various instruments and methods evaluate addiction to the Internet, mobile, and smartphone use. Subject-reported outcome measures, such as the smartphone addiction scale (SAS) assess such addiction. The objectives of this study were to cross-culturally adapt the SAS into Persian (SAS-Pr) and to evaluate the properties of reliability and validity in the Persian setting. Methods: The...

this study is a discussion on translation of f. scott fitzgerald's the great gatsby from english into persian by karim emami based on newmarks’ (1988) classification of cultural elements. the discussion revolves around the problems of translation focusing on some of the cultural and linguistic issues encountered in the original and how they are resolved in the strategies used in the transl...

a glance at the growth and development of vocabulary control in persian will make it clear that the process can be divided into three distinct stages: 1.  preparation of lists of persian terms selected by documentation centers during the indexing process. 2.  translation into persian of the thesauri available in english and french languages. 3.  compilation of thesauri in persian based on warra...

translation historiography is a research area that has attracted the attention of translation scholars in recent years. as a significant research area of translation historiography, exploring the national history of translation criticism can contribute to the delineation of how translation theory and practice correlate in a specific culture. moreover, it can indicate the extent of development o...

Translation ambiguity, out of vocabulary words and missing some translations in bilingual dictionaries make dictionary-based Crosslanguage Information Retrieval (CLIR) a challenging task. Moreover, in agglutinative languages which do not have reliable stemmers, missing various lexical formations in bilingual dictionaries degrades CLIR performance. This paper aims to introduce a probabilistic tr...

  Background: American Orthopedic Foot and Ankle Society Score (AOFAS) is a reliable and reproducible measurement tool which is commonly used for the assessment of foot and ankle conditions. In this study we aimed to translate and assess the psychometric properties of the Persian version of AOFAS questionnaire. Methods: In this study, we enrolled 53 patients with ankle and hindfoot conditions....

  Background: To validate the Persian version of the simple shoulder test in patients with shoulder joint problems.   Methods: Following Beaton`s guideline, translation and back translation was conducted. We reached to a consensus on the Persian version of SST. To test the face validity in a pilot study, the Persian SST was administered to 20 individuals with shoulder joint conditions. We enrol...

This research aimed at investigating different strategies used by translators in translating political English concepts into Persian between two revolutions. To this purpose, the researchers extracted and examined six cases of English political concepts from a book called “Iran between Two Revolutions” and their corresponding Persian translations. Qualitative research was used to gain insights ...