Studies were undertaken across five field locations in Western Australia to determine the relative changes disease severity and subsequent pea yield from up four foliar pathogens associated with a complex (viz. genera Didymella, Phoma, Peronospora, Septoria) different varieties sown at three times densities. Delaying sowing of significantly (P < 0.05) reduced Ascochyta blight (all locations)...

Este artículo estudia la relación entre amor y violencia en Celestina.Toma como punto de partida el ensayo La llama doble Octavio Paz y, particular, distinción erotismo amor, reconocimiento un lado oscuro destructor deseo sexual. Concluye que es móvil principal acción Celestina su aspecto se manifiesta inherente a Calisto Melibea.

We previously characterized and quantified the influence of land use on survival and productivity of colonies positioned in six apiaries and found that colonies in apiaries surrounded by more land in uncultivated forage experienced greater annual survival, and generally more honey production. Here, detailed metrics of honey bee health were assessed over three years in colonies positioned in the...

Deformed wing virus (DWV) is considered one of the most damaging pests in honey bees since the spread of its vector, Varroa destructor. In this study, we sequenced the whole genomes of two virus isolates and studied the evolutionary forces that act on DWV genomes. The isolate from a Varroa-tolerant bee colony was characterized by three recombination breakpoints between DWV and the closely relat...

Honey bee (Apis mellifera L.) colonies bred for hygienic behavior were tested in a large Þeld trial to determine if they were able to resist the parasitic mite Varroa destructor better than unselected colonies of “Starline” stock. Colonies bred for hygienic behavior are able to detect, uncap, and remove experimentally infested brood from the nest, although the extent to which the behavior actua...

Around 14 distinct virus species-complexes have been detected in honeybees, each with one or more strains or sub-species. Here we present the initial characterization of an entirely new virus species-complex discovered in honeybee (Apis mellifera L.) and varroa mite (Varroa destructor) samples from Europe and the USA. The virus has a naturally poly-adenylated RNA genome of about 6500 nucleotide...