In trolley dilemmas a train is about to kill several victims who could be saved if instead a different victim is harmed. A number of theories have been proposed which assume that permissibility judgments in these harm-based moral dilemmas are mediated by an analysis of the underlying causal structure. For example, it has been postulated that it is permissible to harm people as a side effect but...

Severe congenital hydrocephalus manifests as accumulation of a large amount of excess fluid in the brain. It is a paradigmatic example of a condition in which diagnosis is relatively straightforward and long-term survival is usually associated with severe disability. It might be thought that, should parents agree, palliative care and limitation of treatment would be clearly permissible on the b...

The foreign language effect (Costa et al., 2014) refers to a phenomenon in which the response to a moral dilemma depends on whether it is asked in a native or second language. This study explored this effect with Japanese participants using various types of moral dilemmas. Study 1 adopted twelve variations of trolley dilemmas from Mikhail (2007). Study 2 used seven types of moral dilemmas from ...

We address the issue of constructing directional wavelet bases. After considering orthonormal directional wavelets whose Fourier transforms are indicator functions, we give a construction of directional wavelets with fast decay that is based on an hexagonal filter bank tree. An implementation for squarely sampled images and numerical results are presented. Then we discuss the frequency localiza...

: Voluntarily stopping eating and drinking is a means of hastening death. Unlike euthanasia or medical aid in dying, which are available only certain jurisdictions with assistance from health care professionals, the ability to die by voluntarily determined ongoing patient choice, although clinical caregiver support recommended. Few studies have examined incidence patients choosing stop drinking...

In addition to the reliance of many financial transactions on this verse, verse "And God has permitted sale," which, despite its few words, contained fundamental and jurisprudential details, is a declaration greatness Qur'anic verses, whose verbal structure simple while meanings are numerous. This investigation reveals use noble as an example obvious text clearly denoting two sections in princi...

BACKGROUND Advancements in medical technology have significantly increased the possibility of successful infertility treatment. Medical interventions in the initial process of pregnancy that intend to increase the chances of pregnancy create the risk of multifetal pregnancies for both mothers and fetuses. Physicians attempt to reduce the numbers of fetuses in order to decrease this risk and gua...

A general procedure for the three dimensional analysis of a gas cavity by the concept of four pole parameters has been developed by Kim and Soedel [1]; the procedure was later extended by Lai and Soedel [2] to two dimensional analysis, which is more efficient in computation than the 3~D analysis method and can solve some geometries which are difficult to solve by the 3-D method. In this study, ...

This report provides a comparative analysis of the regulation of embryonic stem cells and cloning research in 50 countries. The development of international stem cell consortia involving the exchange of materials, data and knowledge presumes 'policy know-how' on the varying positions and governing regulations of the various partners; knowledge is essential for the feasibility of such internatio...