Furfural, found in the lignocellulosic prehydrolyzates at high concentration, is a strong inhibitor of growth and ethanol fermentation of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Removal of furfural and concentration of monosaccharides were investigated by using two commercial nanofiltraton (NF) membranes with synthetic glucose-xylose-furfural solution as model. The effects of main operating parameters such a...

We propose a model of calcium channels that can explain most of their observed properties, including the anomalous mole fraction effect and mutation of the glutamate residues. The structure grossly resembles that of the KcsA potassium channel except for the presence of an extracellular vestibule and a shorter selectivity filter containing four glutamate residues. Using this model in electrostat...

This review examines the progress that is being made towards the in silico prediction of brain permeation. Following a brief introduction to the blood-brain barrier, the datasets currently available for in silico modeling are discussed. Recent developments in in silico models of brain permeation are summarized in the context of the current state of the art in prediction accuracy. An analysis of...

In this work the enhancing effect of cyclodextrins on the buccal permeation of a hydrophobic model drug, omeprazole was studied. First, the influence of the complexation with cyclodextrins in the absence and in the presence of an alkali agent, L-arginine, on the drug stability was checked at neutral conditions since omeprazole alone is only stable in basic conditions. In vitro transbuccal perme...

Organic–inorganic multilayer permeation barriers are emerging as a promising solution to the stringent barrier requirement of flexible electronics. Yet the mechanical failure of the multilayer permeation barriers could be fatal to their barrier performance. We study two co-evolving failure mechanisms of the multilayer permeation barriers under tension, namely, the cracking of the inorganic oxid...

Apart from efficacy and toxicity, many drug development failures are imputable to poor pharmacokinetics and bioavailability. Gastrointestinal absorption and brain access are two pharmacokinetic behaviors crucial to estimate at various stages of the drug discovery processes. To this end, the Brain Or IntestinaL EstimateD permeation method (BOILED-Egg) is proposed as an accurate predictive model ...

The aim of this study was to measure permeation of the herbicide dichlobenil in Casoron 4G through disposable and chemically protective nitrile gloves using an American Society for Testing and Materials-type permeation cell and a closed-loop system employing two different solvents (hexane and water) and two different challenge situations (aqueous emulsion and solid formulation). Capillary gas c...

Nanoparticles are generally considered excellent candidates for targeted drug delivery. However, ion leakage and cytotoxicity induced by nanoparticle permeation is a potential problem in such drug delivery schemes because of the toxic effect of many ions. In this study, we have carried out a series of coarse-grained molecular dynamics simulations to investigate the water penetration, ion transp...

The absorption and permeation of hydrogen in metals occurs in a variety of technological processes and systems, and in some cases the results are extremely detrimental (e. g., hydrogen embrittlement, stress corrosion, degradation of electrical and magnetic properties, undesired loss (or gain) of hydrogen, etc.). In an increasing number of applications the hydrogen pressure, p, is extremely low,...

In this study sodium alginate (NaAlg)/poly(vinyl pyrrolidone) (PVP) blend membranes were prepared and crosslinked with CaCl2 (0.1 Molarity (M)) for the separation of aqueous/dimethylformamide (DMF) mixtures. Membranes were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and their performance was examined by varying experimental parameters such...