In 2009, the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) estimated that almost 11,000 children younger than 13 years old in the United States were diagnosed with HIV infection. Of those, it is estimated that the vast majority (88%) acquired the HIV infection perinatally. Given that both perinatal transmission is the most common route of HIV infection in children under 13 in the US and t...

To model human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) perinatal transmission, we studied infection of simian-human immunodeficiency virus (SHIV) SF162P3 in 10 pregnant Macaca nemestrina females and their offspring. Four of nine infants born to and suckled by these dams had evidence of infection, a transmission rate of 44.4% (95% confidence interval, 13.7% to 78.8%). We quantified transplacentally acquire...