Abstract Typically, monitoring quality characteristics of very personalized products is a difficult task due to the lack experimental data. This typical case processes where production volume continues shrink growing complexity and customization products, thus requiring low-volume productions. paper presents novel approach statistically monitor defects-per-unit (DPU) assembled based on use defe...

Abstract We study map lattices coupled by collision and show how perturbations of transfer operators associated with the spatially periodic approximation model can be used to extract information about collisions per lattice unit. More precisely, we a on finite box L sites boundary conditions, collision. derive, via non-trivial first-order for leading eigenvalue rare event operator, formula firs...

In this work, we proposed a novel method, called Local Modified Zernike Moment per unit Mass (LMZMPM), for face recognition, which is invariant to illumination, scaling, noise, in-plane rotation, and translation, along with other orthogonal inherent properties of the Moments (ZMs). The LMZMPM computed each pixel in neighborhood size $3\times 3$ , then considers complex tuple that contains both ...

Comparisons of photosynthetic rates were made on leaves of ten species of woody dicotyledons grown in the field under full sun or under a canopy which transmitted approximately 18% of full light. Photosynthesis and dark respiration were measured and compared on various bases: area, chlorophyll, fresh weight of lamina, density thickness (fresh weight per unit area), and protein.Light-saturated p...

In CSCL research, collaboration through chat has primarily been studied in dyadic settings. This article discusses three issues that emerged during the development of a multidimensional coding procedure for small group chat communication: a) the unit of analysis and unit fragmentation, b) the reconstruction of the response structure and c) determining reliability without overestimation. Threadi...