this study aims at presenting a numerical model for predicting grout flow and penetration length into the jointed rock mass using universal distinct element code (udec). the numerical model is validated using practical data and analytical method for grouting process. input data for the modeling, including geomechanical parameters along with grout properties, were obtained from a case study. the...

A model for field error penetration is developed that includes non-resonant as well as the usual resonant field error effects. The non-resonant components cause a neoclassical toroidal viscous torque that tries to keep the plasma rotating at a rate comparable to the ion diamagnetic frequency. The new theory is used to examine resonant error-field penetration threshold scaling in ohmic tokamak p...

For several decades vibratory pile driving has been extensively applied in civil engineering, e.g. in the construction of bulkheads. On urban construction sites shock waves occur which could damage nearby building structures and annoy humans. State-of-the-art machinery provides three control inputs (frequency, excitation force and surcharge force) to achieve two almost contradictory goals: fast...

A steel ball impacting on a bed of very loose, fine sand results in a surprisingly vigorous jet which shoots up from the surface of the sand [D. Lohse, Phys. Rev. Lett. 93, 198003 (2004)10.1103/PhysRevLett.93.198003]. When the ambient pressure p is reduced, the jet is found to be less vigorous [R. Royer, Nature Phys. 1, 164 (2005)10.1038/nphys175]. In this Letter we show that p also affects the...

In most studies, moisture sorption into amorphous foods is expressed as a change in the bulk moisture content, which does not provide detail on how a moisture front moves into the food. This study was targeted towards characterization of the moisture behavior in amorphous saccharide materials of different molecular weight (MW), glass transition temperature (Tg) and moisture content. Various sug...

The creep and wear behaviour of highly cross-linked polyethylene and standard polyethylene liners were examined in a prospective, double-blind randomised, controlled trial using radiostereometric analysis. We randomised 54 patients to receive hip replacements with either highly cross-linked polyethylene or standard liners and determined the three-dimensional penetration of the liners over three...

California Bearing Ratio (CBR) is defined as a ratio expressed in percentage of force per unit area required to penetrate a soil mass with a circular plunger of 50 mm diameter at the rate of 1.25 mm/min to that required for corresponding penetration in a standard material. The ratio is usually determined for penetration of 2.5 and 5 mm. Where the ratio at 5 mm is consistently higher than that a...

A model for field-error penetration is developed that includes nonresonant as well as the usual resonant field-error effects. The nonresonant components cause a neoclassical toroidal viscous torque that keeps the plasma rotating at a rate comparable to the ion diamagnetic frequency. The new theory is used to examine resonant error-field penetration threshold scaling in Ohmic tokamak plasmas. Co...

The rate of penetration and the solubility of H, O, N, NH(3), H(2)O, HCl gas, CO(2), formic, acetic, chloracetic, dichloracetic acid, glycerol, phenol and mercury bichloride in dry collodion membranes have been measured. The rate of penetration of H and CO(2) is the same whether the membrane and gas are dry or whether the membrane is immersed in water. The solubility of CO(2), acetic acid, phen...

UNLABELLED The penetration of a sealant into the tooth fissures can establish longer retention time for a pit and fissure sealant restoration. AIM This in vitro study was to evaluate the penetration ability of two low-viscosity resin materials, a composite and a compomer, applied with and without their bonding agents in comparison to an unfilled resin sealant. METHODS Forty premolars with s...