Inter-area oscillation of angle differences between groups of power generators is considered the precursor of large-scale blackouts. Because of the wide-area interconnection of generators, merely attenuating oscillation at individual sites is insufficient. In this paper, we consider the design of generator parameters and the interconnection strength such that the spectrum of the power system is...

The diagnosis of the underlying cause is often inaccurate, inefficient, and delayed, and misdiagnosis is common. NICE guideline CG109 aims to define the appropriate pathways for the assessment of patients who experience TLoC, in order to obtain the correct underlying diagnosis quickly, efficiently, and cost-effectively, and to tailor a management plan to suit their true diagnosis. The guideline...

Doctors performing brain surgery by flashlight during a blackout necessitated by a Japanese air raid. The austerity of the surroundings is evident in the lack of medical equipment and supplies. Just as the wounded soldier moves along a pathway from injury, to triage, to care, to recovery, military physicians need to travel along their own pathway of understanding themselves as both physician an...

In this paper, we integrate goal programming (GP), Taylor Series, Kuhn-Tucker conditions and Penalty Function approaches to solve linear fractional bi-level programming (LFBLP)problems. As we know, the Taylor Series is having the property of transforming fractional functions to a polynomial. In the present article by Taylor Series we obtain polynomial objective functions which are equivalent...

Despite comprehensive literature works on developing fitness-based optimization algorithms, their performance is yet challenged by constraint handling in various engineering tasks. The present study, concerns the widely-used external penalty technique for sizing design of pin-jointed structures. Observer-teacher-learner-based optimization is employed here since previously addressed by a number ...

The necessary precautions should be taken in order to prevent service interruption during the maintenance and repairing of electricity networks. Among these measures, emergencies that may occur network foreseen, hazard scenarios created, solutions developed. If are not done, a blackout, which first follows local regions eventually results collapse national electrical network, take place. In thi...

Natural hazard-induced nuclear accidents, such as the Fukushima Daiichi Accident that occurred in Japan 2011, have significantly increased reactor safety studies understanding power plant (NPP) responses to external hazard events earthquakes and floods. hazards could cause loss of offsite plants, potentially leading a Station Blackout (SBO) accident contributes overall risk accidents. Despite f...