In repeated normal-form (simultaneous-move) games, simple penal codes (Abreu, 1986, 1988) permit an elegant characterization of the set of subgame-perfect outcomes. We show that the logic of simple penal codes fails in repeated extensive-form games. By means of examples, we identify two types of settings in which a subgame-perfect outcome may be supported only by a profile with the property tha...

Latin America’s “left turn” was the focus of a cluster of thoughtful articles in the October 2006 issue of this journal. Since then, the trend toward the left and toward populist governments has deepened. In South America, the rise of the left is unmistakable, with Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Ecuador, Guyana, Peru, Uruguay, and Venezuela led by presidents with varying degrees and shapes ...

The use of Complementary and Alternative Medicine (CAM) remains prevalent in most developing countries including Zimbabwe, South Africa and India. Health care provision in these three countries continues to depend on both orthodox and traditional systems. This paper seeks to explore how the political, social and economic backgrounds have previously influenced and continue to influence CAM healt...

In Open Problems #13, I mentioned Add am's conjecture 1] that a digraph having at least one directed cycle has a single edge whose reversal reduces the number of directed cycles, which I heard in 1991. I have recently discovered that Thomassen 21] published counterexamples to this conjecture in 1987. G is t-tough if for every cutset S V (G), the size of S is at least t times the number of compo...

This article investigates Western European right-wing populists’ ambiguous relationship with religion and secularism using the example of French Rassemblement National (RN). Drawing on social cleavage theory, survey data elite interviews RN leaders, mainstream politicians Church authorities, it finds that employs Catholicism laïcité as cultural identity markers against Islam to mobilise voters ...

Emergency surgeon: “ last of the mohicans” 2014-2016 editorial policy WSESWJES: position papers, guidelines, courses, books and original research; from WJES impact factor to WSES congress impact factor Fausto Catena, Frederick Moore, Luca Ansaloni, Ari Leppäniemi, Massimo Sartelli, Andrew B Peitzmann, Walt Biffl, Federico Coccolini, Salomone Di Saverio, Belinda De Simone, Michele Pisano and Ern...

was to consider the Mental Health Bill in 1959. This author thought that Pe?A had a conflict about the penal system and mistrusted their experts whom imagined were more concerned for the criminal than for his victims. He there!'' became interested and tried to examine the penal system and its principles in Brjta' today by his own values, judgment and common-sense. He felt there was a in communi...

The expansion of the US carceral state has been accompanied by the emergence of what we call the ‘shadow carceral state’. Operating beyond the confines of criminal law and justice institutions, the shadow carceral state expands penal power through institutional annexation and legal hybridity, including: (1) increased civil and administrative pathways to incarceration; (2) the creation of civil ...

In this essay, I consider how Loic Wacquant’s Punishing the Poor adds to the diverse and growing body of scholarship about contemporary penal change. I begin with an overview of Wacquant’s major arguments and elucidations, then I focus in on how this work fits specifically within theorizations about, and empirical examinations of, late modern punishment. In so doing, I describe the ways in whic...