Selectivity in separation science is defined as the extent to which a method can determine target analyte free of interference. It backbone any and be enhanced at various steps, including sample preparation, optimization detection. Significant improvement selectivity also achieved data analysis step with mathematical treatment signals. In this manuscript, we present new approach that uses funct...

A class of clockedlautonomous circuits is defined in which the behaviour is described by a one-dimensional mapping. For these circuits, the power density spectrum at the harmonics of the clock frequency can be calculated directly from the invariant density of the mapping. An algorithm for carrying out this calculation is derived and illustrated, using the clocked monostable multivibrator as an ...

A necessary and sufficient condition is given for the carrying simplex of a dissipative totally competitive system of three ordinary differential equations to have a peak singularity at an axial equilibrium. For systems of Lotka–Volterra type that result translates into a simple condition on the coefficients.

This paper describes a means for linking Ž eld and object representations of geographical space. The approach is based on a series of mappings, where locations in a continuous Ž eld are mapped to discrete objects. An object in this context is a modeler’s conceptualization, as in a viewshed, highway corridor or biological reserve. An object can be represented as a point, line, polygon, network, ...