The growth of open networks created the interest to commercialise it. The establishment of an electronic business mechanism must be accompanied by a digital – electronic payment system to transfer the value of transactions. Financial organizations are requested to offer a secure e-payment synthesis with equivalent levels of trust and security served in conventional paper-based payment transacti...

Fee-for-service, the predominant method of paying for health care in the United States, is an unsustainable payment approach that rewards volume, resulting in an increase in the number of health care services that are provided, regardless of the outcome of the service. Many believe this form of payment has contributed greatly to the ever-increasing costs of health care. Payment reform, which en...

What are the determinants of consumer choice over payment mechanisms? The answer to this question is important for a variety of reasons. Every government has the responsibility of supporting an efficient and effective payment system. Doing so is an explicit mandate of the Federal Reserve Bank in the United States. In addition, nothing is more central to private sector commerce than collecting p...

Children's hospitals have been excluded from the Medicare prospective payment system (PPS) because of concerns over the applicability of the DRG case-mix system and PPS payment weights to pediatric hospitalization. Nevertheless, DRG-based payment systems are being adopted by State Medicaid agencies and private third-party payers, and the Health Care Financing Administration has been mandated to...

We propose an architecture called InterPay for managing nancial interactions with for-pay digital library services. The approach accommodates multiple payment mechanisms, interaction models, and charging policies. Key components of our model are payment agents and payment capabilities that encapsulate payment policy and the details of payment on behalf of the user. Collection agents and collect...

This paper is mainly concerned with the study in which how we can make our electronic transaction more safely and protective and also concerned with research of the security technology, key technology and current application protocol of payment transaction on network, and gives some useful suggestions and countermeasures for the development of protective payment transaction on network and safet...

This paper explores some of the legal and practical issues related to the implementation of electronic money placed in smart cards as a viable online payment system. This is a subject of particular importance as many there are many hopes from the financial industry about the implementation of an electronic currency system will create a great method for small transactions, both online and offline.

VarietyCash is a new electronic money system which strikes a balance between functionality, security, and user privacy. The system can encompass both network and stored-value card based payment mechanisms, with transferability between them, hence the name.

Implementation of the Medicare prospective payment system (PPS) for hospital payment has produced major changes in the hospital industry and in the way hospital services are used by physicians and their patients. The substantial published literature that examines these changes is reviewed in this article. This literature suggests that most of the intended effects of PPS on costs and intensity o...

On July 7, 2014, the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) published the calendar year (CY) 2015 proposed payment rule for the Medicare Home Health Prospective Payment System (HH PPS). The proposed rule reflects the annual update to the Medicare fee-for-service (FFS) HH rates and policies based on regulatory changes put forward by CMS and legislative changes previously adopted by Con...