To make adaptive choices, individuals must sometimes exhibit patience, forgoing immediate benefits to acquire more valuable future rewards [1-3]. Although humans account for future consequences when making temporal decisions [4], many animal species wait only a few seconds for delayed benefits [5-10]. Current research thus suggests a phylogenetic gap between patient humans and impulsive, presen...

The optimal stopping time of any pure stopping problem with nonnegative termination value is increasing in “patience,” understood as a partial ordering of discount functions. When utility depends on some Markov state controlled by the agent, the result holds in a “continuation–domain” sense. When utility is increasing in the state, and the state is a one–dimensional diffusion, the result also h...

Four different fluid model formulations have been recently developed for Gt/GI/N+ GI queues, including a two-parameter fluid model in Whitt (2006) by tracking elapsed service and patience times of each customer, a measure-valued fluid model in Kang and Ramanan (2010) and its extension in Zuñiga (2014) by tracking elapsed service and patience times of each customer, and a measure-valued fluid mo...

The paper aims to contribute to the understanding of why there is a lack of domestic saving and investment in rural parts of sub-Saharan Africa. It focuses on heterogeneity in inter-temporal preferences as a possible explanation of this important puzzle. The study is based on a unique experimental data set collected from 856 respondents in Ugandan villages and scrutinizes how individual patienc...

Free-ranging vervet monkeys can solve a complex, multi-player coordination problem, learning to remain outside a 'forbidden circle' imposed by one member of the troop, in the absence of any social learning, communication, or policing by more dominant animals.

In this research, it was aimed to interculturally research the value of patience with data obtained from students who participated in study two different countries. The designed as a mixture quantitative and qualitative methods. Accordingly, Traditional Screening Technique based on Phenomenological were used together research. study, levels university generally calculated high. Turkish discover...

UNLABELLED Newly emerging human viruses such as Ebola virus, severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) virus, and HIV likely originate within an extant population of viruses in nonhuman hosts and acquire the ability to infect and cause disease in humans. Although several mechanisms preventing viral infection of particular hosts have been described, the mechanisms and constraints on viral host ex...