proximity of the vagus nerve to a patent ductus arteriosus (pda) can cause traction or entrapment of vagus nerve during surgical closure of the in rare occasions. this can lead to a life threatening postoperative bradycardia. herein, we report a case of bradycardia caused by unexpected irritation of the vagal trunk by the end of operation. the patient was managed by re-opening the chest, lung r...

Continued Patency of Canine Lingual-Basilar System • A canine lingual-basilar system has been helpful to study the use of extracranial vessels for perfusion of the cerebral circulation. This experimental system was patent in all nine long-term animals and enlarged with time. The principles derived from this experimental investigation have been applied to six patients in whom the superficial tem...

Stroke in young adults may be devastating and frequently no cause can be found. However, there is ample literature to suggest an association between cryptogenic stroke in young people and paradoxical embolisation via a venous to arterial circulation shunt (v-aCS), commonly due to patent foramen ovale (PFO). Although paradoxical embolisation is assumed to be a rare event, this review suggests th...

Two cases of asymptomatic double aortic arch with tetralogy of Fallot are reported. One presented with a non-dominant left arch and left-sided descending thoracic aorta and the other with a non-dominant left arch, a right-sided descending thoracic aorta and a patent ductus arteriosus. One-stage operation was performed and both patients were discharged free of symptoms and signs related to the d...

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Abernethy malformations are a rare collection of congenital hepatic portosystemic shunts. Our 19-year-old patient is with a type 2 Abernethy malformation elected permanent shunt closure following worsening dyspnea. This report details a single stage endovascular technique wherein shunt closure was achieved immediately by placement of an aortic endograft. At 5-month follow-up, the patient report...

Disclaimer UWE has obtained warranties from all depositors as to their title in the material deposited and as to their right to deposit such material. UWE makes no representation or warranties of commercial utility, title, or fitness for a particular purpose or any other warranty, express or implied in respect of any material deposited. UWE makes no representation that the use of the materials ...

Congenital tracheobiliary and bronchobiliary fistulae are rare malformations in which patent communications exist between the respiratory system and biliary tract, respectively. We present a newborn who was admitted with respiratory distress and bilious tracheal discharge. Investigation revealed a bronchobiliary fistula originating from the left main bronchus, as well as biliary atresia. Excisi...

When patented life-saving drugs are inaccessible to patients due high prices it is evident that the system does not perform its intended function and urgently requires reforming. The paper discusses evidence recently revealed by US House Committee on Oversight Reform directly contradicts pharmaceutical companies’ traditional argument justifying strong patent protection as a vehicle for recoupin...