one of the main principles of the passive defense is the principle of site selection. in this paper, we propose a multiple objective nonlinear programming model that considers the principle of the site selection in terms of two qualitative and quantitative aspects. the purpose of the proposed model is selection of the place of facilities of a system in which not only it observes the dispersion ...

Fiber-to-the-home (FTTH) is the installation of optical fiber from a telephone switch directly into the subscriber’s home. In this paper FTTH enhances commercial services from evolution to future scope. FTTH architecture describes the potential use of deployment and social communication over the network with rapid growth. In Point to Multipoint Passive optical network establish the interface to...

Design of energy-efficient access networks has emerged as an important area of research, since access networks consume 80 − 90% of the overall Internet power consumption. TWDM-PON is envisaged to be one of the widely accepted future access technologies. TWDM-PON offers an additional opportunity to save energy at the OLT along with the existing energy-efficient ONU design. In this paper, we focu...

Passive optical networks are dominating access networks around the world due to its their economical aspect, bandwidth, and penetration. It is necessary to deal with specification of these networks. The article deals with a transmission convergence layer of a Gigabit passive optical network, especially the activation process for ONUs. When the blackout affects all ONUs in the network, all ONUs ...

The concept of physical-layer network coding (PNC) was proposed in 2006 for application in wireless networks. Since then it has developed into a subfield of network coding with wide followings. The basic idea of PNC is to exploit the network coding operation that occurs naturally when electromagnetic (EM) waves are superimposed on one another. This simple idea turns out to have profound and fun...

An ATM-PON system for an access network is proposed to support multimedia service efficiently. An ATM emulation layer (ATME) is newly defined above the PON section layer and placed on the same level as the ATM layer to carry ATM payload directly. The bi-directional 54 byte cell format including 6 byte header realizes high throughput. The grant for upstream transmission is controlled by VP level...

—As the increasing number of access devices, and the complex and changeful of access site and the media, energy consumption of power distribution communication access networks is expected to further grow in the future, energy saving has become a key issue with the development of Passive Optical Networks (PONs). In this paper, we propose a Software Defined Distribution Optical Network (SD-DON) ...

In this paper we introduce a PON mobile access network as a candidate to offer continuous multimedia IP communications to fast moving terminals in a micro-cellular environment. As an alternative to IP micro-mobility protocols we propose a PON access network with FA distributed over all access points connected to the same fiber. All ONU associated with the same FA are given the same IP address, ...