Dynamically stable biped robots mimicking human locomotion have received significant attention over the last few decades. Formerly, the existence of stable periodic gaits for straight walking of passive biped walkers was well known and investigated as the notion of passive dynamic walking. This study is aimed to elaborate this notion in the case of three dimensional (3D) walking and extend it f...

Abstract The function of a membrane in the fuel cell is critical to its success. major component direct methanol (DMFC) proton exchange (PEM) which must have conductivity, thermal stability, mechanical qualities, and low permeability. In this study case, film-forming structural properties Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) impelled us employ them for developing polyelectrolyte membranes (PEMs). To functi...

background maternal passive smoking or exposure to environmental tobacco smoke may be a risk factor for maternal and newborn morbidity. objectives the current study aimed to assess the relationship between preterm delivery and tobacco smoke exposure in pregnant woman referring to the shabih-khani maternity hospital in kashan, iran. patients and methods an analytical retrospective cohort study w...

asthma environmental triggers play important roles in severity of disease. passive smoking could exacerbate asthma symptoms and enhance the decrease in lung function. cotinine levels could be a reflection of passive exposure to the cigarette both in adults and pediatrics. the aim of this study was to determine degree of association of asthma severity and cotinine level as a marker of passive sm...