The increase in stool weight after feeding 20 g (dry weight) of bran daily was measured when this was of large particle size and after milling to small particle size. Twenty-eight investigations were carried out in 21 normal subjects. With coarse bran, stool weight was significantly greater than with the fine bran (mean 219.4 g/d coarse bran, 199-0 g/d fine bran: difference 20.4 g SE +/-6.4, P ...

Thermal pretreatment or torrefaction of biomass under anoxic condition can produce an energy dense and consistent quality solid biomass fuel for combustion and co-firing applications. This paper investigates the fuel characteristics and grindability of pine chips and logging residues torrefied at temperatures ranging from 225 °C to 300 °C and 30 min residence time. Grinding performance of torre...

Article history: Biomass particle size impa Received 9 June 2008 Received in revised form 11 December 2008 Accepted 10 February 2009 Available online 23 February 2009

We present an experimental investigation of fracture in self-assembled gold nanoparticle mono- and multilayers attached to elastomer substrates and subjected to tensile stress. Imaging the fracture patterns down to the scale of single particles provides detailed information about the crack width distribution and allows us to compare the scaling of the average crack spacing as a function of stra...

We show that coverage fluctuations on catalyst particles can drastically alter their macroscopic catalytic behavior. Scrutinizing the occurrence of kinetic bistabilities, it is demonstrated by molecular beam experiments on model catalysts that macroscopically observable bistabilities vanish completely with decreasing particle size, as previously predicted by theory. The effect is attributed to ...

The structure of nanocrystalline Y2O3:Eu prepared by a combustion reaction was analyzed by XRD and high-resolution electron microscopy. Compared with a large-scale particles, 5-nm Y2O3:Eu particles presented as distorted crystallite and rough surfaces. Luminescent and absorption properties of nano-Y2O3:Eu showed remarkably particle size effects. At Y2O3:Eu particle sizes smaller than 10 nm some...

We investigate the sensitivity of marine cloud brightening to the properties of the added salt particle distribution using a cloud parcel model, with an aim to address the question of, 'what is the most efficient particle size distribution that will produce a desired cooling effect?' We examine the effect that altering the aerosol particle size distribution has on the activation and growth of d...