Abstract An elastic–plastic constitutive model considering particle breakage for simulation of crushable granular soils behavior is proposed. In the model, elastic strain rates are derived from a modified Helmholtz free energy function, and influence plastic shear work-induced on properties sand taken into account as an coupling mechanism. A stress ratio-driven mechanism employed calculation ra...

Cokes play an important role in the blast furnace as a spacer for maintaining gas permeability. Since furnaces with large inner volumes exceeding 5000 m3 are now common Japan, use of high strength coke has become crucial issue modern furnaces. However, general methods evaluating strength, example, drum test, insufficient understanding breakage behavior detail. In order to evaluate furnaces, mod...

Fragmentation of crystals is an important mechanism, and a component of particle dynamics in igneous and metamorphic rocks that has received surprisingly little attention. Recent advances in textural analysis, extraction techniques, digital imaging, and computer-assisted measurements enable rapid accumulation of 3D data on particle shapes and size distributions. This paper reviews fragment size...

Abstract The aim of this research is to expand the knowledge on description grains breakage energy. In effect a model describe rice and corn energy in dependance size was developed. This achieved by linking level grinding with properties material (particle size) loading conditions. selected (rice corn) were subjected loads (compression cutting) testing machine. Based force-displacement curves, ...

Twin screw wet granulation (TSG) is gaining more attention and becoming an important process in the pharmaceutical industry. The process is widely implemented because of its flexibility, short residence time, and small equipment footprint. Past studies have shown that screw elements can have a significant impact on the performance of the TSG process. In addition, these studies identified that b...