abstract background: patient education is among the lowest met need of patients in iran; therefore, expansion of that role can result in greater professional accountability. this study aimed to explain the practical science of the process, structure, and outcomes of a nurse‑led action research project to expand the nurses’ role in patient education in iran. materials and methods: this study was...

Smart cities are not merely the infusion of technology into a city’s infrastructure, but also require citizens interacting with their urban environment in a smart and informed manner. Transportation is key aspect of smart cities. In this paper, we present a smart route planning open-source system; SMART-GH utilizes open data and participatory sensing, where citizens actively participate in coll...

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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to document the process the Auraria Library went through to plan research methods to produce information for their learning commons project. Design/methodology/approach – The paper provides an overview and the results of one library’s planning methods using user-centered and participatory action research (PAR) principles. It includes a literature review an...