There is growing interest in nutrition therapies that deliver a generous amount of protein, but not a toxic amount of energy, to protein-catabolic critically ill patients. Parenteral amino acids can achieve this goal. This article summarizes the biochemical and nutritional principles that guide parenteral amino acid therapy, explains how parenteral amino acid solutions are formulated, and compa...

La visión actual de la Medicina basada en la evidencia y la eficiencia ha permitido incorporar la nutrición parenteral domiciliaria (NPD) como técnica de soporte nutricional especializado (SNE) novedosa, ampliando la oferta asistencial de una disciplina joven como es la Nutrición Clı́nica, mejorando la calidad de vida de los pacientes y reduciendo claramente los costes asistenciales. La NPD se d...

Introduction: Short bowel syndrome can cause severe malnutrition. Parenteral nutrition and the prescription of water and electrolyte can increase the survival of these patients. This article introduces a patient, who received parenteral nutrition for nine months after gastric cancer surgery and chemotherapy because of the initiation of cutaneous fistula (short bowel syndrome). Case Presentation...

Access for parenteral nutrition is generally obtained by placement of a central ve n o u s catheter. Cannulation of the subclavian, internal jugular, or femoral veins with advancement of the catheter tip into the superior or inferior vena cava ach i eves central venous access. Catheter tip placement elsewhere than the vena cava is considered peripheral access. Based on catheter tip location, th...

• To know the different systems for parenteral nutrition; their advantages and limits; • To know the risks associated with the compounding/ready-to-use preparation of AiO PN admixtures (GMP and potential incompatibility reactions) and the pharmacist’s tasks and responsibility for an admixing service; • To understand the general advice not to admix drugs to PN AiO admixtures, unless documented o...

This paper describes a computer programme for a low cost microcomputer designed to assist in the task of administering total parenteral nutrition to neonates: no knowledge of computers is necessary to operate the system. The programme displays recommended values for each of the total parenteral nutrition constituents that must be prescribed, based on detailed analysis of all the pertinent varia...

Parenteral nutrition (PN) serves as an important therapeutic modality that is used in adults, children, and infants for a variety of indications. The appropriate use of this complex therapy aims to maximize clinical benefit while minimizing the potential risks for adverse events. Complications can occur as a result of the therapy and as the result of the PN process. These consensus recommendati...

C O N T E N T S I N T R O D U C T I O N . . 115 G R O W T H . . . 111 E N E R G Y . , . 111 G U I D E L I N E S FOR E N E R G Y R E Q U I R E M E N T S . . I19 P R O T E I N . . . 119 G U I D E L I N E S FOR P R O T E I N R E Q U I R E M E N T S . . 119 A M I N O A C I D PROFILE . . 119 E A R L Y P A R E N T E R A L F E E D I N G OF A M I N O A C I D S . . 120 L I P I D . . . 122 F A T T Y A C ...

Decreased caloric and other nutrient intake can complicate the course of both mild and serious illness. With proper case selection, providing parenteral nutrition (PN) can improve clinical outcome, reduce hospitalization time, and reduce the cost of patient care. Many pharmacy facilities can compound PN formulations; with proper staff training and patient monitoring resources, PN can be adminis...