INTRODUCTION Evidence behind the recommendations for protein feeding during critical illness is weak. Mechanistic studies are needed to elucidate the effects of amino acid and/or protein supplementation on protein metabolism before larger clinical trials with higher levels of protein feeding are initiated. METHODS We studied the effects of parenteral amino acid supplementation (equivalent to ...

AIMS To improve energy intake in sick very low birthweight (VLBW) infants; to decrease growth problems, lessen pulmonary morbidity, shorten hospital stay, and avoid possible feeding related morbidity. Morbidity in VLBW infants thought to be associated with parenteral and enteral feeding includes bronchopulmonary dysplasia, necrotising enterocolitis, septicaemia, cholestasis and osteopenia of pr...

Abstract Purpose of Review Early enteral nutrition improves outcomes following traumatic brain injury (TBI). This can prove difficult due to TBI-induced feeding intolerance secondary disruption the brain-gut axis, a network composed central nervous system (CNS) input, autonomic signaling, and immunologic regulation that controls gut CNS homeostasis. Here, we discuss pathophysiology brain–gut ax...

Preterm neonates have an immature gut and metabolism and may benefit from total parenteral nutrition (TPN) before enteral food is introduced. Conversely, delayed enteral feeding may inhibit gut maturation and sensitize to necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC). Intestinal mass and NEC lesions were first recorded in preterm pigs fed enterally (porcine colostrum, bovine colostrum, or formula for 20-40 h...

The preterm intestine is immature and responds differently to total parenteral nutrition (TPN) and enteral nutrition, compared with the term intestine. We hypothesised that in preterms, diet composition and feeding route affect mucosal morphology, enterocyte mitosis and apoptosis, and the distribution of laminin-1, fibronectin and collagen IV (extracellular matrix proteins (ECMP)). Preterm pigl...

ENTERAL nutrition is the preferred route for providing nutrition support when the gastrointestinal (GI) tract is functional. Compared with conventional central venous feeding, enteral feeding is associated with fewer serious complications, is more nutritionally complete, is more effective in maintaining or restoring host immune response, and takes advantage of normal physiologic and metabolic p...

Feeding very low birth weight (VLBW) or very preterm infants poses a unique challenge due to the immaturity of gastrointestinal tract. Early nutrition is crucial for improving optimal growth, long-term outcome and to decrease morbidities. The goal is to achieve a growth rate similar to fetal growth in utero. Trophic feeding (TF) of preterm infants was introduced in the late 1980s in an attempt ...

BACKGROUND Retinopathy of prematurity(ROP) is the most common serious ophthalmic disease in preterm infants. Human milk may provide a protective effect for ROP; however, beneficial effects of human milk preclude randomized trials. Therefore, we conducted a retrospective analysis comparing early postnatal nutrition with ROP development. OBJECTIVE Evaluate relationship between early postnatal n...

OBJECTIVE To assess the effectiveness of conservative treatment for adhesive small bowel obstruction (ASBO) in children. DESIGN Systematic review of studies involved children with ASBO who received initial conservative/non-operative treatment. SETTING The search was performed in April 2013 using PubMed (see online supplementary file 1), current contents, and the Cochrane database. PARTICI...