Klebsiella pneumoniae is a well recognized cause of community and hospital acquired neonatal infections in developing countries with case fatality rate varying from 18% to 68% (Saleem et al., 2013). Infants, particularly those with a low gestational age or a low birth weight, are at greater risk for developing nosocomial infections in neonatal intensive care units (NICUs) due to their prolonged...

Infections due to multidrug-resistant pathogens are increasing throughout the world, in particular due to the emergence of resistant Staphylococcus aureus, vancomycin-resistant enterococcus (VRE) penicillin-resistant Streptococcus pneumonia, multidrug-resistant (MDR) Pseudomonas and Acinetobacter spp, extended-spectrum β-lactamase(ESBL) producing enteric organisms, etc. These serious pathogens ...

PURPOSE To report a case of epidural empyema, a rare complication of orbital cellulitis, underlining the importance of early diagnosis and appropriate therapy to avoid severe complications often associated with this disease. METHODS The treatment was initiated with extended spectrum antibiotics such as third generation cephalosporins along with aminoglycoside or metronidazole for anaerobes. ...

Acute osteomyelitis and septic arthritis are two infections whose frequencies are increasing in pediatric patients. Acute osteomyelitis and septic arthritis need to be carefully assessed, diagnosed, and treated to avoid devastating sequelae. Traditionally, the treatment of acute osteoarticular infection in pediatrics was based on prolonged intravenous anti-infective therapy. However, results fr...

The carbapenems are a group of broad-spectrum beta-lactam antibiotic agents of which there are three parenteral preparations currently available in South Africa, namely imimpenem/cilastatin, meropenem and ertapenem. Owing to the fact that imipenem/cilastatin and meropenem have a broad spectrum of activity that includes Pseudomonas and Acinetobacter species, they are ideal antibiotics for treatm...

Bone concentrations of seven antimicrobial agents were determined after parenteral administration. Antibiotics were administered in large doses at customary intervals for 12 to 20 h before total hip or knee replacement; anticipated levels of each drug were achieved in the serum. Methicillin, carbenicillin, and clindamycin were detected in bone with greatest frequency. Cefazolin and gentamicin w...

BACKGROUND A number of special issues must be considered when selecting simple, safe, inexpensive, and effective antimicrobial regimens for treatment of neonatal sepsis in developing country community settings. METHODS We reviewed available data regarding pharmacologic profiles of parenteral antibiotics with specific attention to properties relevant to their use in the treatment of neonatal i...

BACKGROUND Bacteraemia is a major complication associated with the use of long-term intravascular catheters. Conservative treatment using antibiotic-lock therapy (ALT) has been shown to be useful in some studies, but the evidence supporting its impact in clinical care is still scarce. METHODS We evaluated the outcome of the episodes of catheter-related bacteraemia (CRB) associated with long-t...

OBJECTIVES To assess the impact of an infection team review of patients receiving antibiotics in six hospitals across the UK and to establish the suitability of these patients for continued care in the community. METHODS An evaluation audit tool was used to assess all patients on antibiotic treatment on acute wards on a given day. Clinical and antibiotic use data were collected by an infectio...

BACKGROUND Shoshin beriberi, cardiac failure secondary to a severe deficiency of the vitamin thiamine, can develop in patients following extensive intestinal resection or bypass; however, parenteral supplementation has largely eliminated this complication. Hemodynamic instability resulting from central line sepsis is a far more common complication in these parenteral nutrition-dependent patient...