the zarankiewicz number z(b; s) is the maximum size of a subgraph of kb,b which does not contain ks,s as a subgraph. the two-color bipartite ramsey number b(s, t) is the smallest integer b such that any coloring of the edges of kb,b with two colors contains a ks,s in the rst color or a kt,t in the second color.in this work, we design and exploit a computational method for bounding and computin...

sturgeons are the most important fish in the caspian sea, but there are only a few reports on their parasite communities in the southern part of this sea. in this study, a total of 93 individuals of four sturgeon species, namely acipenser stellatus (n= 60), a.gueldenstaedtii (n = 12), a. nudiventris (n = 9) and huso huso (n = 12), were caught in 2 geographical regions from the southwest of the ...

the parasite fauna of 50 specimens of spiny eel obtained from two lakes, zarivar (in kurdistan province) and parishan (in fars province) and one river, heleh (booshehr province) were examined during the year 2003. a total of nine parasite species were found. gills of spiny eel were infected with ichthyophthirius multifiliis , trichodina pediculus (protozoa) and mastacembelocleidus heteranchorus...

intestinal parasitic infections are still a healthy problem in many developing countries, although intestinal parasitic infection has reduced in recent years, it is still prevalent in many regions of iran. this study was carried out in order to determine fauna and prevalence of human intestinal parasites in patients referred to kashan reference laboratory in 2007-2011. totally 6348 persons (53%...

background malnutrition and infections are widespread in almost all developing countries. the aim of this study was to investigating prevalence and some of the determinants of malnutrition and intestinal parasitic infections among preschool children in shahroud, iran. materials and methods at across-sectional study, the all preschool children (1,850 cases), in shahroud city as simple census, we...

data obtained in association with many real-life random experiments from different fields cannot be perfectly/exactly quantified.hspace{.1cm}often the underlying imprecision can be suitably described in terms of fuzzy numbers/values. for these random experiments, the scale of fuzzy numbers/values enables to capture more variability and subjectivity than that of categorical data, and more accura...

Coevolution between hosts and their parasites is expected to follow a range of possible dynamics, the two extreme cases being called trench warfare (or Red Queen) and arms races. Long-term stable polymorphism at the host and parasite coevolving loci is characteristic of trench warfare, and is expected to promote molecular signatures of balancing selection, while the recurrent allele fixation in...

Estimates of the total number of species that inhabit the Earth have increased significantly since Linnaeus's initial catalog of 20,000 species. The best recent estimates suggest that there are approximately 6 million species. More emphasis has been placed on counts of free-living species than on parasitic species. We rectify this by quantifying the numbers and proportion of parasitic species. ...

Ookinete invasion of Anopheles midgut is a critical step for malaria transmission; the parasite numbers drop drastically and practically reach a minimum during the parasite's whole life cycle. At this stage, the parasite as well as the vector undergoes immense oxidative stress. Thereafter, the vector undergoes oxidative stress at different time points as the parasite invades its tissues during ...