Shal l2 is a knowledge-based machine translation system with a symmetric architecture. The grammar rules, mapping rules between syntactic and conceptual (semantic) representations, and transfer rules for conceptual paraphrasing are all bi-directional knowledge sources used by both a parser and a generator.

The design and implementation of a paraphrase component for a natural language question-answering system (CO-OP) is presented. The component is used to produce a paraphrase of a user's question to the system, which is presented to the user before the question is evaluated and answered. A major point made is the role of given and new information in formulating a paraphrase that differs in a mean...

We describe an ongoing work in information extraction which is seen as a text normalization task. The normalized representation can be used to detect paraphrases in texts. Normalization and paraphrase detection tasks are built on top of a robust analyzer for English and are exclusively achieved using symbolic methods. Both grammar development rules and information extraction rules are expressed...

This paper proposes a method that extracts paraphrases from search engine query logs. The method first extracts paraphrase query-title pairs based on an assumption that a search query and its corresponding clicked document titles may mean the same thing. It then extracts paraphrase query-query and title-title pairs from the query-title paraphrases with a pivot approach. Paraphrases extracted in...

Computer-assisted translation (CAT) tools have become the major language technology to support and facilitate the translation process. Those kind of programs store previously translated source texts and their equivalent target texts in a database and retrieve related segments during the translation of new texts. However, most of them are based on string or word edit distance, not allowing retri...

Targeted paraphrasing is a new approach to the problem of obtaining cost-effective, reasonable quality translation that makes use of simple and inexpensive human computations by monolingual speakers in combination with machine translation. The key insight behind the process is that it is possible to spot likely translation errors with only monolingual knowledge of the target language, and it is...

This paper proposes a new machine translation design that is the core architecture in an on-going project named Sandglass. The Sandglass system places special emphasis on monolingual processing and is designed to e ectively deal with spoken languages. The system has good portability from modularity provided by a natural language protocol and monolingual processing reinforcement. This paper clar...