Human organizations that have begun to rely on networks for collaboration are already prolific. Networked collaboration is highly beneficial in many group activity including mixed teams of humans and agents. The prospect of understanding complex interactions on network organizations has prompted us to develop a paradigm serving as a reference model for organizations of networked individuals. In...

Applied researchers often find themselves making statistical inferences in settings that would seem to require multiple comparisons adjustments. We challenge the Type I error paradigm that underlies these corrections. Moreover we posit that the problem of multiple comparisons can disappear entirely when viewed from a hierarchical Bayesian perspective. We propose building multilevel models in th...

This article considers the problem of correcting errors made by English as a Second Language writers from a machine learning perspective, and addresses an important issue of developing an appropriate training paradigm for the task, one that accounts for error patterns of non-native writers using minimal supervision. Existing training approaches present a trade-off between large amounts of cheap...

one of the modern paradigms to develop an application is object oriented analysis and design. in this paradigm, there are several objects and each object plays some specific roles in applications. in an application, we must distinguish between procedural semantics and declarative semantics for their implementation in a specific programming language. for the procedural semantics, we can write a ...

El-Jardali and Fadllallah provide an excellent summary of the many dimensions of knowledge use, and the breath of issues and activities that must be considered if knowledge is to be put into practice. However, reliance on a continuum (rather than a cyclical, multidirectional, systems) model creates a number of limitations, particularly when promoting evidence-informed action in the areas of hea...

the term paradigm hase penetrated in the web of many fields form natural to social sciences. therefore, for each researcher, understanding it's concept and dimensions is necessary. it is become to a common term in philsophy of science. there are many definitions of paradigm, but we can define it as: a set of believes and basic assumptions that are reflected in the ontology, epistemology an...

Improving clinical outcomes, treating aggression, and reducing the use of restraints and seclusion are major concerns to providers of psychiatric services. Devising precise treatments directed by causal hypotheses that address the functional properties of maladaptive behaviors are essential for reducing aggression, increasing understanding of causal factors, and enhancing individual control and...