To test underlying latent syndromes within schizophrenic syndromes assessed by the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS), a sample of 100 DSM-III-R schizophrenia patients was obtained through a semistructured interview for schizophrenia. Confirmatory factor analysis was used to evaluate the underlying symptomatological dimensions. The positive and negative construct was not confirmed by ...

T HE EXCITATORY FUNCTION of GABA has been reported to contribute to the pathogenesis of some neuropsychological disorders, for example autism and epilepsy. The switch in GABA function, from inhibitory to excitatory, has been attributed to the alteration of cation-chloride cotransporters involved in the regulation of intercellular chloride concentration, chloride-intruder NKCC1 and chlorideextru...

This 6-week, double-blind, placebo-controlled, proof-of-concept study evaluated the efficacy, safety, and tolerability of low-dose (1.5-4.5 mg/day) and high-dose (6-12 mg/day) cariprazine in patients with acute exacerbation of schizophrenia (NCT00404573). The primary efficacy measure was change in the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) total score, analyzed using a last observation ca...

The aim of this study was to develop a pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic (PKPD) model that quantifies the efficacy of haloperidol, accounting for the placebo effect, the variability in exposure-response, and the dropouts. Subsequently, the developed model was utilized to characterize an effective dosing strategy for using haloperidol as a comparator drug in future antipsychotic drug trials. The t...

BACKGROUND Negative attitudes towards insulin are commonly reported by people with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and can act as a barrier to timely insulin initiation. The Insulin Treatment Appraisal Scale (ITAS) is a widely used 20-item measure of attitudes towards insulin. While designed for completion by both insulin using and non-insulin using adults with T2DM, its psychometric properties...

OBJECTIVE Preliminary data indicate that predominant positive symptoms are predictive of subsequent treatment response, while negative and cognitive symptoms are associated with poor outcome. Purpose of the present study was to investigate the relation between the predominant clinical dimension, duration of illness and acute antipsychotic response in a sample of schizophrenic inpatients. METH...

OBJECTIVES To study the relation between obsessive-compulsive symptoms (OCS) and positive, negative, and depressive symptoms in patients with recent-onset schizophrenic disorders. METHODS We undertook a prospective study of 113 consecutively hospitalized patients with recent-onset schizophrenia or related disorders diagnosed according to DSM-IV criteria. We compared 3 subgroups: one without c...

Aim. Cognitive impairment in schizophrenia strongly relates to social outcome and is a good candidate for endophenotypes. When we accurately measure drug efficacy or effects of genes or variants relevant to schizophrenia on cognitive impairment, clinical factors that can affect scores on cognitive tests, such as age and severity of symptoms, should be considered. To elucidate the effect of clin...

Background: The precise quantification of negative symptoms is necessary to improve differential diagnosis and prognosis prediction in Schizophrenia. In chronic psychotic patients, the representation of verbal reports as word graphs provides automated sorting of schizophrenia, bipolar disorder and control groups based on the degree of speech connectedness. Here we aim to use machine learning to...

BACKGROUND This therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) study aimed to determine the role of olanzapine (OLZ) and N-desmethyl-OLZ (DMO) levels in the therapeutic efficacy of OLZ in patients with schizophrenia. METHOD Plasma concentrations of OLZ (COLZ) and DMO (CDMO) in schizophrenic patients 12 hours post-dose were assessed. The correlations of COLZ and CDMO with the various scores of the Positive...