The beet armyworm, Spodoptera exigua, is one of the most important pests of sugar beet in Iran. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of water and nitrogen treatments of sugar beet planton developmental time and fecundity life table parameters of the pest. An experiment was carried out under laboratory conditions (25±2oC, 70±5% R.H. and 12L: 12D) on larvae reared...

Pan measurement is a reliable and efficient method for indicating the evaporative demand of the atmosphere. There are several types of pan evaporimeters worldwide, and the estimation of the conversion coefficients (Kp) between them is necessary in hydrologic research. In China, E601B pans were installed at all meteorological stations beginning in 1998. They replaced the 20 cm pans (φ20). To ful...

This paper investigates the abilities of Artificial Neural Networks (ANN), Least Squares – Support Vector Regression (LS-SVR), Fuzzy Logic, and Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS) techniques to improve the accuracy of daily pan evaporation estimation in sub-tropical climates. Meteorological data from the Karso watershed in India (consisting of 3801 daily records from the year 2000 to ...

In order  to study the effect of drought stress on some growth indices of oil sunflower cultivars, a study was conducted in Isfahan. The experiment was conducted as split plots in a randomized complete blocks design with three replications in Isfahan (51° 48' E, 32° 40' N).Main plots were drought stress in four levels (80, 100, 120, and 140 mm evaporation from evaporation pan class A and cultiv...

[1] Newly available data from extended weather stations and time period reveal that much of China has experienced significant decreases in cloud cover over the last half of the Twentieth century. This conclusion is supported by the analysis of the more reliably observed frequency of cloudfree sky and overcast sky. The total cloud cover and low cloud cover have decreased 0.88% and 0.33% per deca...

at the research farm of vali-e-asr university of rafsanjan in 2013. the experiment was arranged in a randomized complete block design with four replications and four irrigation intervals. irrigation was done after 40 (control), 60, 80 and 100 mm evaporation from pan class a, from seedling establishment till physiological maturity. results showed that irrigation level did not significantly chang...

Evidence that the pan evaporation or reference evapotranspiration (ET0) as the indicator of atmospheric evaporation capability have decreased along with the continuous increase in temperature over the past decades (coined as "evaporation paradox") has been reported worldwide. Here, we provide a nationwide investigation of spatiotemporal change of ET0 using meteorological data from 602 stations ...

in order to investigate the effects of different irrigation levels and biological fertilizers on quantitative and qualitative yield of ajowan (carum copticum l.), a field experiment was conducted at a farm located in west azerbaijan province - city nagadeh, iran during growing season of 2012-2013. the experiment was arranged as split plot based on randomized complete block design in three repli...