BACKGROUND A significant proportion of road traffic crashes are attributable to alcohol and marijuana use while driving globally. Sale and use of both substances is illegal in Pakistan and is not considered a threat for road traffic injuries. However literature hints that this may not be the case. We did this study to assess usage of alcohol and marijuana in Pakistani commercial drivers. METH...

OBJECTIVES Our objective was to augment the limited evidence mainly from local, clinical studies of ethnic differences in gastrointestinal disorders. Our question was: are there ethnic variations in hospitalisation/death for lower gastrointestinal disorders in Scotland? SETTING Scotland. POPULATION This retrospective-cohort linked 4.65 (of 4.9) million people in the 2001 census of Scotland ...

BACKGROUND Coronary Heart Disease (CHD) occurs to a greater extent in developed than developing countries like Pakistan. Our understanding of risk factors leading to this disease in women, are largely derived from studies carried out on samples obtained from developed countries. Since prevalence of CHD in Pakistan is growing, it seems pertinent to infer risk and protective factors prevalent wit...

The article analyses the specifics of appeal to Islamic factor in Pakistan justify conflict with India. Long-lasting confrontation between two countries contributed cultivation an enemy image India by military, that was built mostly on opposition Muslims and Hindus, incompatibility their mentality value systems. Thus, due policy military regimes, a religious motive became inseparable part India...

This article tells the hitherto untold story of how different Pakistani organisations mobilised in response to racist violence and harassment in the east London Borough of Tower Hamlets (1968-1970). In telling this story, the authors analyse the problematic nature of official and public understandings of, and responses to, racist violence, and how it distorted the lives of racialised minorities...

We have analysed the cause of perinatal deaths in four hospitals in the North West Thames region over a six year period commencing January 1980. The Pakistani population had a significantly greater perinatal mortality rate (15.7/1000 births) than the Europeans (11.3/1000 births). This was due to an increased incidence of macerated stillbirths and lethal malformations, the latter resulting from ...

Evidence suggests considerable variation among British ethnic groups in their performance at different stages of their educational careers. Many members of those groups are concentrated in particular parts of certain cities, and as a consequence many attend ethnically-segregated schools. Using pupiland school-level data from the Pupil Level Annual School Census (PLASC) in England, this paper ex...

OBJECTIVES The aim of this paper is to describe the current knowledge about inherited diseases in UK children of Pakistani origin, who now number over 300,000, and to investigate disease associations with parental consanguinity. METHODS Published data on the overall prevalence of inherited diseases were reviewed in conjunction with published and unpublished information from the city of Bradfo...

Asian Americans are the fastest-growing racial/ethnic group in the US, representing 6.3% of the population (20.0 million/318.7 million) in 2014.1 In contrast to Hispanics, the rapid growth of the Asian American population is driven by immigration as opposed to native births.2 The Native Hawaiian and Pacific Islander (NHPI) population (1.5 million) is also among the fastestgrowing groups.1, 3 Th...

Urban transport problems in Pakistan are managed by building larger and better roads. By contrast, the principles of sustainable transport encourage using lowcost public transport that could perform well in mixed land use and high density Pakistani cities. The purpose of this paper is to provide a critical overview of public transport policy in Pakistan from the British India period through to ...