Valencia orange (Citrus sinensis) peel was employed in this work as raw material for the production of citric acid (CA) by solid-state fermentation (SSF) of Aspergillus niger CECT-2090 (ATCC 9142, NRRL 599) in Erlenmeyer flasks. To investigate the effects of the main operating variables, the inoculum concentration was varied in the range 0.5·10(3) to 0.7·10(8) spores/g dry orange peel, the bed ...

Native speakers of Mandarin Chinese have difficulty producing native-like English stress contrasts. Acoustically, English lexical stress is multidimensional, involving manipulation of fundamental frequency (F0), duration, intensity and vowel quality. Errors in any or all of these correlates could interfere with perception of the stress contrast, but it is unknown which correlates are most probl...

The linguistic content of the masker is important for the benefit of masking release in understanding noise-corrupted speech. The present work investigated how Mandarin sentence recognition is influenced by background noise with different linguistic content via two studies, i.e., speech perception and intelligibility prediction. Mandarin sentences were corrupted by Mandarin-, Cantonese-, and En...

This paper introduces an experimental study of Mandarin tonal sequences produced by native English speakers. Sound recordings of learners’ Mandarin have been analyzed empirically and acoustically. The conclusions are as follows: tonal variation in accented Mandarin is not correlated to the original Mandarin tones or the context of the original Mandarin tons. The pronounced Mandarin tones select...

This study aims to evaluate the accuracy of Indonesian Mandarin translation a web page from Embassy in Beijing. The Nababan quality evaluation methodology, which was used this study, divides product into three categories: accuracy, acceptability, and readability. has two objectives: 1) analyze level acceptability readability Beijing's website 2) describe Embassy's text, broken up 37 pieces data...

The oranges were purchased from the local market of Bela. The orange peel and pulp were subjected to successive extraction with solvents in increasing order of their polarity viz. Acetone, hexane, methanol and distilled water. Orange peel and pulp powder was extracted separately by aqueous extraction. Phytochemical analysis indicated the presence of tannins, saponins etc. Anthraquiones were com...

Soil arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi form a mutualistic symbiosis with plant roots and produce many benefits on host plants under potted conditions, while field inoculation of AM citrus (a woody plant) has been rarely reported. The present study aimed to analyze the changes in growth, root vitality, fruit quality Citrus reticulata Blanco var. Ponkan mandarin cv. Jinshuigan grafted Poncirus tr...