Systematic correspondences can be found between Cantonese and Mandarin tones. For example, most of the words pronounced with tone 2 in Cantonese are pronounced with tone 3 in Mandarin (e.g., 找 ‘find’). Therefore, Cantonese speakers may mistakenly think that words where the Mandarin tone pronunciation does not follow the dominant pronunciation relationship (e.g., 摸 ‘touch’, pronounced with Canto...

Kinnow mandarin (Citrus reticulata) peel, an agricultural solid waste of the juice processing industry, was studied to understand mass transfer kinetics during osmotic dehydration and its process optimization. The experiments were conducted in sucrose (40, 50, 60° Brix) at different temperatures 40, 60°C duration 0–240 min. Central Composite Design used for optimization with variables, such as ...

ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to evaluate the physico-chemical characteristics fruits 58 sweet orange tops cultivars on four rootstocks, namely: ‘Sunki Tropical’ mandarin and ‘Trifoliata’ Citrandarin ‘San Diego’, ‘Riverside’ ‘Indio’. For purpose, a completely randomized experimental design used, in factorial scheme (58 x 4). analyzed were: equatorial diameter, fruit mass, peel thickn...

limited information is available on water and nitrogen (n) management of sugarcane (saccharum officinarum l.) in khuzestan, southwestern iran, where this crop is currently and extensively grown under heavy irrigation and n fertilization. therefore, a field experiment was conducted from september 2000 to march 2002 at the research department of karoon agro-industry in khuzestan to determine the ...

This paper aims at effectively identifying common English mispronunciations by Mandarin speakers and incorporating this knowledge into computer assisted language learning (CALL) to improve the learner’s accented English. For this purpose, English and Mandarin multi-channel EMA articulatory datasets collected from native English and native Mandarin speakers respectively have been used to uncover...

Intelligibility assessment is one of the important aspects in the text-to-speech system (TTS) evaluation. Several intelligibility assessment methods have been proposed and successfully applied to European languages, both at word level and sentence level. Since Mandarin has its own unique features, these methods must be modified when applying to Mandarin. The word level assessment methods such a...

English vowel productions were acoustically examined in a group of native Mandarin speakers. The first and second formant frequencies (F1 & F2) of 11 English vowels were examined in the syllable-level productions of 40 Mandarin speakers compared to 40 American English speakers. Results of the comparative acoustic analysis indicated that the Mandarin speakers differed significantly from the Amer...

There has been a hot debate on the typological status of Mandarin Chinese in Talmyan framework of Verb-framed languages (V-languages) and Satellite-framed Languages(S-languages). However, most previous studies focus on motion events, while other macro-events (Talmy, 2000) receive little attention. The present study aims to investigate event of realization in Mandarin Chinese with experimental m...