BOLD (blood oxygen level dependent) fMRI (functional magnetic resonance imaging) is commonly used to study differences in neuronal activity between human populations. As the BOLD response is an indirect measure of neuronal activity, meaningful interpretation of differences in BOLD responses between groups relies upon a stable relationship existing between neuronal activity and the BOLD response...

Blood oxygen contrast-functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) signals are a convolution of neural and vascular components. Several studies indicate that task-related (T-fMRI) or resting-state (R-fMRI) responses linearly relate to hypercapnic task responses. Based on the linearity of R-fMRI and T-fMRI with hypercapnia demonstrated by different groups using different study designs, we hypoth...

The increase of relative cerebral blood flow (rCBF) may contribute for a change in blood oxygenation level dependent signal (BOLD). The main purpose of this study is to investigate some aspects of perfusional alterations in the human brain in response to a uniform stimulation: hypercapnia induced by breath holding. It was observed that the BOLD signal increased globally during hypercapnia and t...

Recent research investigations have reported the benefit of enhancing conventional AFM-based nanoscale machining operations by introduction high frequency vibrations between AFM tip and processed material. The technique relies on piezoelectric actuation is relatively straight forward to implement in practice. However, non-linearity actuators when operated under electric field conditions can aff...

3 "Humans are no longer the only and lonely ones that are capable of, and to some degree dependant on, the interpretation of signs." Frieder Nake

the spontaneous generation of inertia–gravity waves (igws) in the idealized simulation of vortical flows is investigated using the isentropic two-layer model on a sphere. the contour-advective semi-lagrangian (casl) algorithm is applied to solve the primitive equations using the potential vorticity (pv), velocity divergence, and acceleration divergence as the prognostic variables. the casl algo...