Maximum aerobic metabolism cannot increase indefinitely in response to demands for ATP production and, therefore, must be constrained by one (or many) of the steps of the oxygen transport and utilization pathways. To elucidate those constraints we compared peak metabolic rate elicited by running (V(.)(O₂,run)) in hypoxia (14% O₂), normoxia (21% O₂) and hyperoxia (30% O₂) of laboratory mice dive...

26 27 Objective: The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)gamma is a 28 transcription factor involved in glucose homeostasis and energy metabolism. 29 A missense mutation at codon 12 in the PPARgamma2 has been associated 30 with increased body mass index and attenuated Insulin Resistance (IR) in 31 PCOS. We have recently shown a decreased Basic Metabolic Rate (BMR) in 32 PCOS. The a...

Metabolic rate is a fundamental characteristic of all organisms. It covaries most significantly with activity, body mass, seasonality, and temperature. Nonetheless, substantial additional variation in metabolic rate, especially either resting rate or basal rate, is associated with a range of factors including phylogenetic position, ecological distinctiveness, range position, and diet. Understan...

A brown midrib (BMR) sorghum pasture was compared with normal sorghum for its effects on performance of Holstein cows in midlactation in terms of milk production and composition at grazing over three periods (Period 1: 20/01 to 31/01, Period 2: 17/02 to 28/02, Period 3: 19/03 to 30/03). Forty Holstein cows were grouped according to pre-experimental milk production (22.4 ± 4.2 kg/d milk), live w...

Many birds living in regions with seasonal fluctuations in ambient temperatures (T(a)) typically respond to cold by increasing insulation and adjusting metabolic rate. Seasonal variation in thermal physiology has not been studied for the Caprimulgiformes, an order of birds that generally have basal metabolic rates (BMR) lower than predicted for their body mass. We measured the metabolic rate an...

In response to nematode infection, the host presumably attempts to create an unfavorable environment to prevent larval penetration of the host and to expedite parasite expulsion from the gut. In this study, we have used W/W(V) mice with or without mast cells after bone marrow reconstitution (BMR-W/W(V)) to examine the role of mast cells in the host response. W/W(V), BMR-W/W(V), and wild-type (+...

Treatments that increase basal metabolic rate (BMR) and enhance exercise capacity may be useful therapeutic approaches for treating conditions such as type 2 diabetes, obesity, and associated circulatory problems. β-guanidinopropionic acid (β-GPA) supplementation decreases high-energy phosphate concentrations, such as ATP and phosphocreatine (PCr) resulting in an energetic challenge that is sim...

OBJECTIVES To evaluate the ratio of reported energy intake to basal metabolic rate (EI/BMR) among pregnant Indonesian women, as well as identifying risk factors for being an underreporter. DESIGN Longitudinal study of dietary intake, using six repeated 24-hour diet recalls each trimester. Basal metabolic rate was estimated from body weight and physical activity from occupation. The lower 95% ...

Early studies showed the metabolic rate (MR) of different-sized animals was not directly related to body mass. The initial explanation of this difference, the “surface law”, was replaced by the suggestion that MR be expressed relative to mass n , where the scaling exponent “n” be empirically determined. Basal metabolic rate (BMR) conditions were developed and BMR became important clinically, es...

AIM This prospective study compares the results of bilateral medial rectus recession versus (vs) Y-split recession of medial recti techniques for surgical management of essential infantile esotropia. PATIENTS AND METHODS Thirty patients were included in this study and had preoperative infantile esotropia with large angles (ie, >30 prism diopters [PD]). Patients were divided into Group A, whic...