Flowering is an essential stage of plant growth and development. The successful transition to flowering not only ensures the completion of plant life cycles, it also serves as the basis for the production of economically important seeds and fruits. CONSTANS (CO) and FLOWERING LOCUS T (FT) are two genes playing critical roles in flowering time control in Arabidopsis. Through homology-based cloni...

Most rewardless orchids engage in generalized food-deception, exhibiting floral traits typical of rewarding species and exploiting the instinctive foraging of pollinators. Generalized food-deceptive (GFD) orchids compete poorly with rewarding species for pollinator services, which may be overcome by flowering early in the growing season when relatively more pollinators are naive and fewer compe...

LFYgene plays important roles in determining plant flowering mainly by controlling the timing of phase transition. Constitutive under-expression of LFY gene in Arabidopsis resulted in the formation of late flowering and highly branching phenotype. In this paper, we investigated some physiological and biochemical properties of the transformantsthat were down-regulated LFY gene expression to dela...

Two bacteriophage T4 proteins, P7 and P8, which are components of the phage baseplate have been purified to apparent homogeneity. P7 and P8 are the protein products of T4 genes 7 and 8. A plasmid has been constructed which contains approximately 5 kilobases of T4 DNA, including genes 7 and 8, under the control of the tac promoter. Induction of Escherichia coli W3110iQ cells containing this plas...

Bacteriophage GA-1, which infects Bacillus sp. strain G1R, is evolutionarily related to phage phi29, which infects Bacillus subtilis. We report the characterization of several GA-1 promoters located at either end of its linear genome. Some of them are unique for GA-1 and drive the expression of open reading frames that have no counterparts in the genome of phi29 or related phages. These unique ...