Bursting dynamics of mappings is investigated in this paper. We first present stability analysis of the mappings’ equilibria with various parameters. Then for three mappings P, P̄, and ̂ P with different parameters, we study their powers P4, P̄6, and ̂ P4. We show that the mappings thus obtained are chaotic by giving a rigorous verification of existence of horseshoes in these mappings. Precisely, w...

A short-term treatment with estradiol-17 beta and progesterone induced mammary gland growth and lactogenesis in non-pregnant ewes. These events normally occur during the second half of pregnancy. In order to compare the hormonal environment during the treatment to that during pregnancy, the concentrations of total estrogens (TE), progesterone (P4), glucocorticoids (G) and prolactin (Prl) in the...

The objectives of this study were to determine the effects of dose of exogenous progesterone (P4) prior to artificial insemination on concentrations of 17p-estradiol (E,) and on conception rates in bovine females. Heifers (n = 100) and cows (n = 100) received P4-releasing intravaginal devices (PRIDs) to produce two different circulating concentrations of P4. All animals received a single PRID 1...

Software Defined Networking (SDN) has been a prominent technology in the last decade that increases networking programmability. The SDN philosophy decouples application, control, and data plane to increase network is an essential but unsolved component receives less attention than control application planes. Traditionally, uses fixed functions forward packets using limited number of protocols. ...

A comparison of P4 activations mediated by low-valent β-diketiminato (L) cobalt complexes is presented. The formal Co0 source [K2 (L3 Co)2 (μ2 :η1 ,η1 -N2 )] (1) reacts with P4 to form a mixture of the monoanionic complexes [K(thf)6 ][(L3 Co)2 (μ2 :η4 ,η4 -P4 )] (2) and [K(thf)6 ][(L3 Co)2 (μ2 :η3 ,η3 -P3 )] (3). The analogue CoI precursor [L3 Co(tol)] (4 a), however, selectively yields the cor...

This study was designed to determine whether leptin modulates growth hormone (GH)- and insulin like growth factor-I (IGF-I)-stimulated progesterone (P4) production by corpora lutea (CL). Luteal cells were recovered from early developing (ELP) and mature (MLP) corpora lutea and cultured in defined medium with various combinations of GH, IGF-I, and leptin (0-200 ng/ml). P4 concentrations in the m...

High concentrations of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in polar bears from Svalbard have increased concern for that population's reproductive health. We examined whether there were associations between the plasma concentrations of PCBs and reproductive hormones [progesterone (P4)] and 17 beta-estradiol (E2)] in free-living female polar bears from Svalbard. Concentrations of P4 depended on repr...

Hypoxia has been suggested to enhance progesterone (P4) synthesis in luteinizing granulosa cells (GCs), but the mechanism is unclear. The present study was designed to test the hypothesis that the hypoxia-induced increase in P4 synthesis during luteinization in bovine GCs is mediated by hypoxia-inducible factor 1 (HIF-1). GCs obtained from small antral follicles were cultured with 2 µg/ml insul...

The reactions of [CpMoH(κ(3)-P4)] (2; P4 = meso-o-C6H4(PPhCH2CH2PPh2)2) with protic acids gave [CpMo(κ(4)-P4)](+) (4(+)) via the intermediary formation of [CpMoH2(κ(3)-P4)](+). Treatment of 2 with iodine provided the cationic complex [CpMoHI(κ(3)-P4)][I] (5[I]). Early-late heterobimetallic complexes of the type [CpMoH(μ-P4-1κ(3):2κ)MLnCl] (MLn = Ru(Hmb)Cl (6), Ir(η(5)-C5Me5)Cl (7), Rh(cod), Ir(...

The aim of the present study was to investigate the changing profiles of plasma metabolic hormones during the ovarian cycles of beef and dairy cattle. We used 16 non-pregnant, non-lactating Japanese Black beef cattle (6 heifers and 10 cows; parity=2.3 +/- 0.8) and 12 multiparous Holstein dairy cows (parity=3.0 +/- 0.3). Blood samples for hormonal analysis (growth hormone, GH; insulin-like growt...