Human low-density lipoprotein (LDL) is a major cholesterol carrier in blood. Elevated concentration of low-density lipoprotein, especially when oxidized, is a risk factor for atherosclerosis and other cardiac inflammatory diseases. Past research has connected free radical initiated oxidations of LDL with the formation of atherosclerotic lesions and plaque in the arterial wall. The role of LDL p...

Since oxidative modification of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and uptake of the oxidized LDL by macrophages are closely related to the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis, we examined the inhibitory effect of 5,6,7,8-tetrahydroneopterin (NPH4) on Cu(II)-induced lipid peroxidation of LDL. NPH4 significantly inhibited both lipid peroxidation and the associated increase of electrophoretic mobility of ...

An increased level of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) is a very well established risk factor of coronary artery disease (CAD). Unoxidized LDL is an inert transport vehicle of cholesterol and other lipids in the body and is thought to be atherogenic. Recently it has been appreciated that oxidized products of LDL are responsible for plaque formation properties previously attributed to the intact pa...

Atherosclerosis is an inflammatory disease, and the involvement of immune mechanisms in disease progression is increasingly recognized. Immunization with oxidized low density lipoprotein (LDL) decreases atherosclerosis in several animal models. To explore humoral and cellular immune reactions involved in this protection, we immunized apolipoprotein E knockout mice with either homologous plaque ...

Exposure of isolated arteries to oxidatively modified low density lipoprotein (LDL) has been reported to suppress endothelium-dependent relaxation (EDR). To determine whether lipid degradation products in oxidized LDL contribute to impaired relaxation, we have tested the responsiveness of isolated rabbit aortas to endothelium-dependent relaxants (acetylcholine, ATP, and calcium ionophore A23187...

The present study describes the toxicity of oxidized LDL towards rabbit aortic endothelial cells in terms of its lipid components with specific attention to the cholesterol oxidation products (ChOx) found in oxidized LDL isolated from human plasma. Measurements of the major ChOx associated with freshly isolated unmodified LDL, those found in oxidized LDL isolated from human plasma and LDL subje...

Modified LDL in human plasma including small, dense LDL (sdLDL) and oxidized LDL carries a more negative charge than unmodified LDL and is atherogenic. We examined the effects of apolipoprotein A-I (apoA-I)/POPC discs on charge-based LDL subfractions as determined by capillary isotachophoresis (cITP). Three normal healthy subjects and seven patients with metabolic disorders were included in the...

The relationship between atheroma lipid composition and serum lipoprotein and oxidation measurements has not been fully explored. To address this question, we studied serum, plasma, and aortic wall specimens from 66 subjects undergoing coronary artery bypass graft surgery. The lipid composition of aortic specimens was characterized in terms of cholesterol ester and cholesterol crystal plus phos...

Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease is the number one cause of death for adults in Western society. Plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1), the major physiological inhibitor of plasminogen activators, has been implicated in both thrombogenesis and atherogenesis. Previous studies demonstrated that copper-oxidized low-density lipoprotein (C-oLDL) stimulated production of PAI-1 in vascular e...