mycophenolate mofetil (mmf) is a selective inhibitor of inosine-5′-monophosphate dehydrogenase. gastrointestinal (gi) disturbances in immature ones are reported for mmf-induced compilations, which in the case of occurrence dose reduction is required. thus, in the present study, the fructooligosaccharide raftilose® (rft) was co-administrated with mmf to estimate the protective effect of rft agai...

nigella sativa (ns) ( ranunculaceae ) used as a protective and therapeutic traditional medicine. this study evaluates the effect of ns on inflammation-induced myocardial fibrosis, serum and tissue inflammatory markers, and oxidative stress status in male rats. fifty male wistar rats were divided into five groups: (1) control; (2) lipopolysaccharide (lps), 1 mg/kg/day; (3) lps + ns (hydroalcohol...

increased serum uric acid is known to be a major risk related to the development of several oxidative stress diseases. the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of parsley, quercetin and kaempferol on serum uric acid levels, liver xanthine oxidoreductase activity and two non-invasive biomarkers of oxidative stress (total antioxidant capacity and malondialdehyde concentration) in norma...

it has already been reported that muscle necrosis induced by various phenylenediamine derivatives are correlated with their autoxidation rate. now in a more detailed investigation of the cytotoxic mechanism using a model system of isolated hepatocytes and ring-methylated structural isomer durenediamine (dd) we have shown that under aerobic conditions, phenylenediamine induced cytotoxicity and r...

background: arsenic is one of the most toxic metalloids. anemia and leukopenia are common results of poisoning with arsenic, which may happen due to a direct hemolytic or cytotoxic effect on blood cells. the aim of this study was to examine the effects of hydroalcoholic extract of nasturtium officinale on blood cells and antioxidant enzymes in rats exposed to sodium (meta)arsenite. methods: 32 ...

background: in this study, the toxicity of the different xenobiotics was tested on the fruit fly drosophila melanogaster model system.  methods: fly larvae were raised on food supplemented with xenobioticsat different concentrations (sodium nitroprusside (0.1-1.5 mm), s-nitrosoglutathione (0.5-4 mm), and potassium ferrocyanide (1 mm)). emergence of flies, food intake by larvae, and pupation hei...

introduction: recently depleted uranium is being widely used as anti-armour ammunition and at very high temperature, results in information of an aerosol of very small uranium oxide particles, which may be inhaled. it is alleged that these particles represent a new battlefield hazard because of the chemical toxicology and/or radioactivity. method & materials: male wistar strain albino rats were...

objective (s): there is corroborating evidence to substantiate redox imbalance and oxidative stress in sepsis that finally leads to organ damage or even death. gamma oryzanol (go) is one of the major bioactive components in rice bran has been considered to function as an antioxidant. the present study was carried out to evaluate the antioxidant activity of gamma oryzanol in vitro and its effica...

objective(s) there are some reports in recent years indicating that renal ischemia - reperfusion (ir) induces deleterious changes in remote organs such as liver. the aim of this study was to investigate whether leukocytes have a role on the induction of oxidative stress in liver after renal ir. materials and methods inbred mice in ir donor group were subjected to renal ir injury. in sham donor ...

introduction: the therapeutic potential of anandamide (aea) for the neurological disorders may be negatively affected by its short half-life or poor solubility. the superior properties of carbon nanotubes (cnts) for controlled drug delivery, prompted us to design aea-cnts complex and assess its effect in in vitro model of ischemic stroke. methods: in this experimental study, a multi-walled cnts...