Although oxidant generation by NADPH oxidase is known to play an important role in signaling in endothelial cells, the basis of activation of NADPH oxidase is incompletely understood. The atypical isoform of protein kinase C, PKC , has been implicated in the mechanism of tumor necrosis factor(TNF)–induced oxidant generation in endothelial cells; thus, in the present study, we have addressed the...

Xanthine oxidase is a key enzyme responsible for hyperuricemia, a pre-disposing factor for Gout and oxidative stress-related diseases. Only two clinically approved xanthine oxidase inhibitors Allopurinol and Febuxostat are currently used for treatment of hyperuricemia. However, owing to their side effects there is a need for new non-purine-based selective inhibitors of xanthine oxidase. In the ...

Epithelial mucous membranes are repeatedly exposed to oxidants and xenobiotics. CFTR plays a role in glutathione transepithelial flux and in defining the hydration and viscoelasticity of protective mucus. We therefore hypothesized that CFTR expression and function may be modulated by oxidant stress. A sublethal oxidant stress (tert-butylhydroquinone, BHQ) in CFTR-expressing epithelial cells (T8...

To explore how screening for potential nutrient bio-activity could be improved by integrating biological and chemical markers of cellular responses, we assessed the effect of the known anti-oxidants, catechin and chlorogenic acid, on anti-oxidant activity in vitro. We determined an active concentration (25 μM) of each compound and then measured its effects on anti-oxidant gene expression and re...

BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to determine the oxidant-antioxidant status and lipid peroxidation products, as well as paraoxonase and atherosclerotic plaque formation, in a hypercholesterolemic atherosclerosis rabbit model to investigate the effects of atorvastatin in the atherosclerotic process. METHODS Forty male New Zealand rabbits were divided into four groups, ie, a control group ...

Airborne fine particle mass concentrations (PM2.5) are used for ambient air quality management worldwide based in part on known cardiorespiratory health effects. While oxidative stress is generally thought to be an important mechanism in determining these effects, relatively few studies have specifically examined how oxidant defence may impact susceptibility to particulate air pollution. Here w...

Ras and Rho GTPases are molecular switches for various vital cellular signaling pathways. Overactivation of these GTPases often causes development of cancer. Guanine nucleotide exchange factors (GEFs) and oxidants function to upregulate these GTPases through facilitation of guanine nucleotide exchange (GNE) of these GTPases. However, the effect of oxidants on GEF functions, or vice versa, has n...

Pseudomonas aeruginosa ohrR and ospR are gene homologs encoding oxidant sensing transcription regulators. OspR is known to regulate gpx, encoding a glutathione peroxidase, while OhrR regulates the expression of ohr that encodes an organic peroxide specific peroxiredoxin. Here, we show that ospR mediated gpx expression, like ohrR and ohr, specifically responds to organic hydroperoxides as compar...

BACKGROUND Increased oxidative stress (OS) and inflammation are associated with atherosclerotic coronary artery disease in haemodialysis (HD) patients. Ferritin may have other effects in addition to its role in storing intracellular iron. This study was performed to determine any relationships between markers of OS, nutrition and inflammation in HD patients with normal and high ferritin levels....