BACKGROUND Unassisted cessation - quitting without pharmacological or professional support - is an enduring phenomenon. Unassisted cessation persists even in nations advanced in tobacco control where cessation assistance such as nicotine replacement therapy, the stop-smoking medications bupropion and varenicline, and behavioural assistance are readily available. We review the qualitative litera...

In the mammalian ovary, matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) is thought to be involved in the regulated turnover of the extracellular matrix during the process of follicle development, ovulation and regression. Information concerning the role of MMP-2 in the chicken ovary is scarce. The present investigation was undertaken to determine the distribution of MMP-2 mRNA within the laying hen ovary as...

The knowledge of floral structure, biology and pollination behavior are pre-requisite for understanding the system its manipulation developing a proper crossing in which is largely lacking small millets. variability structure was studied various finger millet genotypes. inflorescence consisted cluster variable number spikes called fingers. Each has two opposite rows spikelets. A spiklete contai...

OBJECTIVE To determine the effectiveness of an intensive quit-smoking intervention on smoking rates at 36 weeks' gestation among pregnant Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander women. DESIGN Randomised controlled trial. SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS Pregnant Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander women (n = 263) attending their first antenatal visit at one of three Aboriginal community-controlled ...

BACKGROUND Current smokers exhibit a higher rate of betel-quid chewing than non-smokers. However, little is known regarding the extent to which betel-quid chewing may affect attempts to quit smoking and smoking cessation. The aim of the present study is to examine the association between betel-quid chewing and patterns of quitting smoking. Specifically, we explore whether betel-quid chewing is ...

In fish, the lipid resources of female form a link between environment and progeny, contributing to contents egg yolk. Variation environmental conditions is therefore expected affect quality via maternal pathways, reflecting female’s response factors before spawning. We investigated content lipids thyroid hormones in ovary eggs Baltic herring during 1988–2019, when salinity Sea first declined t...

Smoking reduction, i.e. a sustained decrease in the number of cigarettes smoked daily, is a highly controversial area. Results from population studies are reported as well as from the few randomized controlled studies published. The effect with regard to smoking reduction seems small and there is only limited evidence that smoking reduction is followed by improvement in some health-related para...

BACKGROUND Young children can be protected from much of the harm from tobacco smoke exposure if their parents quit smoking. Some researchers encourage parents to quit for their children's benefit, but the evidence for effectiveness of such approaches is mixed. OBJECTIVE To perform a systematic review and meta-analysis to quantify the effects of interventions that encourage parental cessation....

Text messaging programs on mobile phones have shown some promise in helping people quit smoking. Text2Quit is an automated, personalized, and interactive mobile health program that sends text messages and e-mails timed around a participant's quit date over the course of 3 months. The text messages include pre- and post-quit educational messages, peer ex-smoker messages, medication reminders and...