In recent years, significant progress was made, particularly through the use of the macaque monkey, in identifying three types of local factors that are induced by the midcycle LH surge and play a critical role in ovulation and/or luteinization of the primate follicle. The ovulatory gonadotropin surge increases prostaglandin (PTG, typically abbreviated PG) levels in follicles prior to rupture; ...

An ovarian follicle is composed of an oocyte and surrounding theca and granulosa cells. Oocytes are stored in an arrested state within primordial follicles until they are signaled to re-initiate development by undergoing primordial-to-primary follicle transition. Previous gene bionetwork analyses of primordial follicle development identified a number of critical cytokine signaling pathways and ...

BACKGROUND Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common endocrine disorder in women of reproductive age and is characterized by chronic anovulation. Insulin resistance may be a key component of the pathogenesis of this disorder. Pioglitazone is a thiazolidinedione derivative that acts by improving insulin resistance via the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPAR-γ) pathway. Reported...

Numerous studies have examined the effects of COVID-19 pandemic on women’s mental health and menstrual cycles. However, most these only included outpatients with COVID-19, whereas information hospitalised women is minimal. ACE 2 essential for SAR-CoV2 virus to enter human cells ovary. Since it stimulates steroid secretion, aids in follicle development oocyte growth, influences ovulation, mainta...

Establishment of dorsoventral polarity within the Drosophila embryo requires extraembryonic positional information generated during oogenesis. The genes windbeutel, pipe, and nudel are required within the somatic follicle cells of the ovary for production of this spatial cue. Using a novel follicle cell marker system, we have directly evaluated the effect of mutant follicle cell clones on the e...

ARTICLES Endocrinology Acarbose reduces elevated testosterone serum concentrations in hyperinsulinaemic premenopausal women: a pilot study Preconceptional and gestations! evaluation of insulin secretion in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome Nuclear maturity and oocyte morphology after stimulation with highly purified follicle stimulating hormone compared to human menopause! gonadotrophin V...

The adult mammalian ovary is devoid of definitive germline stem cells. As such, female reproductive senescence largely results from the depletion of a finite ovarian follicle pool that is produced during embryonic development. Remarkably, the crucial nature and regulation of follicle assembly and survival during embryogenesis is just coming into focus. This developmental pathway involves the co...

lower animals, but in the case of human beings the evidence of its occurrence rests solely upon the demonstration of the presence of follicles immediately prior to rupture and of follicles which have recently ruptured. Although it is easy to demonstrate ripening follicles in the human ovary, it is only rarely that specimens of recently ruptured follicles can be found and for this reason it is n...

background: in patients with anovulatory infertility the first choice of treatment for ovulation induction is an antiestrogen, most commonly clomiphene citrate (cc). however, 20-25% of the women are resistant to cc and do not ovulate perhaps due to antiestrogenic mechanism of the cc action, which involves long-lasting estrogen receptor (er) depletion. objective: the objective of the study was t...

BACKGROUND Cyclins regulate the cell cycle in association with cyclin dependent kinases (CDKs). CDKs are under inhibitory control of cyclin dependent kinase inhibitors (CDKIs). METHOD In this study we tested the expression of CDKIs p15, p16, p21 and p27 by immunohistochemistry to determine the role of CDKIs in the initiation of primordial follicle growth. Ovaries were collected from 60-day-ol...