The threat posed to human health by arthropod-borne bacteria is most vividly demonstrated by the devastating epidemics caused by the plague. The diversity of pathogenic bacteria spread by arthropods is probably underestimated. Recently recognized infectious diseases such as Lyme disease and ehrlichiosis are caused by bacteria transmitted by arthropods. Bacteria which alternate between arthropod...

Password-based authentication protocols are currently the conventional authentication protocols in many distributed systems. However, the security of these protocols is falling behind the times because more and more attacks can now break them. The security weaknesses of the Simple And Secure (SAS) protocol, the Optimal Strong-Password Authentication (OSPA) protocol, and the revised SAS protocol...